Shanti Parva

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्षुधितो5हं गतप्राणो हरिष्यामि श्वजाघनीम्

English

"Bhishma said, 'The duties in respect of all the four modes of life, those of yatis, O son of Pandu, and the customs relating to the conduct of men in general, are all included in kingly duties. All these acts, O chief of the Bharatas, occur in Kshatriya duties. If the functions of royalty are disturbed, all creatures are overtaken by evil. The duties of men are not obvious. They have, again, many outlets. \ Led by many (false) systems, their eternal nature is sometimes offended against. Others who pin their faith to the conclusions arrived at by men, without really knowing anything about the truths of duties (as declared in the scriptures), find themselves at last landed and confounded on faiths whose ultimate ends are unknown. The duties imposed upon Kshatriyas are plain, productive of great happiness, evident in respect of their results, free from deceit, and beneficial to the whole world. As the duties of the three orders, as also of Brahmanas and of those that have retired from the world, O Yudhishthira, have before this been said to be all included within those of that sacred mode of life (called Garhasthya), even so, the whole world, with all good actions, are subject to kingly duties. I have told thee, O monarch, how many brave kings had, in days of old, repaired to that lord of all creatures, viz., the divine and puissant Vishnu of great prowess, for resolving their doubts about the science of chastisement. Those kings, mindful of the declarations of the scriptures enforced by examples, waited in days of old upon Narayana, after having weighed each of their acts against the duties of each of the modes of life. 2 Those deities , viz., the Sadhyas, the Vasus, the Aswins, the Rudras, the Viswas, the Maruts, and the Siddhas, created in days of old by the first of gods, are all observant of Kshatriya duties. I shall now recite to thee a history fraught with the conclusions of both morality and profit. In days of old when the Danavas had multiplied and swept away all barriers and distinctions 3 the powerful Mandhatri, O monarch, became

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्षुधार्त: प्रत्युवाचेदं पुनरेव महामुनि:

English

Then he saw sea-going merchants standing on the road; he went with that caravan toward the ocean.

हिन्दी अर्थ

व्यवस्ये बुद्धिपूर्व वै तद् भवाननुमन्यताम्

English

But that caravan, great king, in a mountain cave, was almost wholly destroyed by a rutting elephant.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बुद्धिपूर्वक निश्चय किया है। इसका तुम अनुमोदन करो

English

Somehow the brahmana escaped from that caravan, fleeing in all directions for his life, and ran toward the north.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तपोभिर्विद्यया चैव ज्योतींषीव महत्तम:

English

Separated from the caravan, from the place and from his goods, alone he ran through the forest like a kimpurusha.

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्वभक्षणे श्वा हाभक्ष्यो द्विजानाम्

English

Reaching a road toward the sea, he came upon a lovely great forest of flowering trees.

हिन्दी अर्थ

द्विजोंके लिये अभक्ष्य है

English

It was adorned with blossoming mango groves of all seasons, like a place in Nandana, frequented by yakshas and kinnaras.

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्वमांसे चास्मिन् पड़सान् साधु मन्‍्ये

English

It was adorned with groves of sal, palm, dhava and pipal trees, aloe, and the best sandal trees, on lovely, auspicious, fragrant mountain slopes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पदार्थकी ओर मन न ले जाइये

English

On all sides, best of the twice-born, birds sang sweetly there; others with human faces, known as bharundas, and bhulinga birds were everywhere toward the sea.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्षुच्च मां दूषयत्यत्र हरिष्यामि श्वजाघनीम्

English

king. That ruler of the earth, viz., king Mandhatri, performed a great sacrifice from desire of beholding the puissant Narayana, that god of gods, without beginning, middle, and end. In that sacrifice he worshipped with humility the great Vishnu. 1 The Supreme Lord, assuming the form of Indra, showed himself unto him. Accompanied by many good kings he offered his adorations to that puissant deity. The high discourse took place between that lion among kings and that illustrious god in the form of Indra, touching Vishnu of great effulgence.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुर्बलो नष्टसंज्ञश्न भक्ष्याभक्ष्यविवर्जित:

English

"Indra said, 'What is your object, O foremost of virtuous persons, in thus seeking to behold that Ancient and First of gods, viz., Narayana, of inconceivable energy, and infinite illusions? Neither myself, nor Brahman himself, can obtain a sight of that god of universal form. I shall grant thee what other objects may be in thy heart, for thou art the foremost of mortals. Thy soul abides in peace; thou art devoted to righteousness; thou hast thy senses under control; and thou art possessed of heroism. Thou seekest unflinchingly to do what is agreeable to the gods. For the sake also of thy intelligence, devotion, and

हिन्दी अर्थ

अटगन् भैक्ष्यं न विन्दामि यदा युष्माकमालये

English

He saw a great banyan tree, round, graced with splendour, adorned with matching branches like a parasol.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अन्निर्मुखं पुरोधाश्व देवानां शुचिषाड् विभुः

English

Its root was well sprinkled with fine sandal water, endowed with divine flowers, beautiful, like the Grandfather's seat.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तमुवाच स चाण्डालो महर्षे शूणु मे वच:

English

Seeing it, Gautama was pleased, an unsurpassed place beloved of sages, holy, like a temple of the gods, surrounded by flowering trees; coming to it with joy, he sat beneath it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्म तवापि विप्रर्षे शृणु यत् ते ब्रवीम्पहम्

English

As Gautama sat there, Kauravya, a pleasant, auspicious, pure breeze blew, touching the flowers, delighting all Gautama's limbs, king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्याप्यधम उद्देश: शरीरस्य श्वजाघनी

English

That brahmana, tired, touched by the holy wind, found comfort and slept; and the sun went down.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चाण्डालस्वस्य हरणमभक्ष्यस्यथ विशेषत:

English

Then, when the sun had set and twilight had come, the best of birds returned to his dwelling from the world of Brahma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न मांसलोभात् तपसो नाशस्ते स्यान्महामुने

English

He was known as Nadijangha, dear friend of Brahma, king of cranes, greatly wise, born of Kashyapa himself.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मा सम धर्म परित्याक्षीस्त्वं हि धर्मभूतां वर:

English

Famed as Rajadharma, he was unequalled on earth, the son of a divine maiden, splendid, learned, bright as the lord of the gods.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न विद्यते5प्युपायश्व कश्रनिन्मे प्राणधारणे

English

Covered with polished gold, with ornaments like the sun, adorned in all limbs, god-born, he blazed with splendour.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अभ्युज्जीवेत् साद्यमान: समर्थों धर्ममाचरेत्

English

Seeing the twice-born arrived, Gautama was astonished; his mind seized by hunger and thirst, he looked on him also with a wish to kill.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रह्मवह्निर्मम बल॑ भक्ष्यामि शमयन् क्षुधाम्

English

[Rajadharma said:] "Welcome to you, brahmana; by good fortune you have come to my house; the sun has set and this twilight has arrived.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जीवितं मरणाच्छेयो जीवन् धर्ममवाप्लुयात्

English

You have come to my dwelling, a dear and blameless guest; honoured, you shall go in the morning, with the rite seen in scripture."

हिन्दी अर्थ

अहमापदगत: क्षुत्तो भक्षयिष्ये श्वजाघनीम्

English

high faith, I shall grant thee whatsoever boons may be desired by thee.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

करना मेरे लिये धूर्ततापूर्ण चेष्टा ही है

English

[Rajadharma said:] "Sir, I am a son of Kashyapa, and my mother is Dakshayani; you are a guest endowed with virtue; welcome to you, best of brahmanas."

हिन्दी अर्थ

भक्ष्यक्रिया यत्र न तदगरीय:

English

[Bhishma said:] Having given him honour by the rite seen in scripture, he prepared a divine seat made of sal flowers.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न पापमात्रेण कृतं हिनस्ति

English

He also provided for him large fish that roam in the regions crossed by Bhagiratha's chariot and served by the Ganga.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विश्वामित्रो जहारैव कृतबुद्धि: श्वजाघनीम्

English

The Kashyapa offered to Gautama, the guest, a well-kindled fire and plump fish.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सदारस्तामुपाह्त्य वने भोक्तुमियेष सः

English

When the brahmana had eaten and was content, the great-minded one fanned him with his wings to remove his weariness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

लिया और उसे वनमें ले जाकर पत्नीसहित खानेका विचार किया

English

Then, as he sat rested, he asked about his lineage; he said "Gautama," and the brahmana told nothing else.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भक्षयामि यथाकामं पूर्व संतर्प्प देवता:

English

He gave him a divine bed of leaves, scented with divine flowers and rich in fragrance; and he slept there happily.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऐन्द्राग्नेयेन विधिना चरुं श्रपपत स्वयम्

English

Then, as Gautama sat on the bed, the king of cranes, the eloquent Kashyapa, asked him, "What is the reason for your coming?"

हिन्दी अर्थ

न नूनं कार्यमेतद् वै हर काम॑ श्वजाघनीम्

English

"Mandhatri said, I bend my head for gratifying thee. Without doubt, however, I desire to see the first of gods. O divine Lord! Casting off all (earthly) desires, I wish to earn religious merit, and to lead the foremost mode of life, that path of the good, highly regarded by all. By exercising the high duties of a Kshatriya, I have earned many regions of inexhaustible merit in the other world, and I have also, through those duties, spread my fame. I do not, however, know how to discharge those duties, the foremost in the world, that have flowed from the first of gods.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

कहता हूँ कि आपको इसका भक्षण नहीं करना चाहिए

English

"Indra said, 'They that are not kings, however observant they may be of their duties, cannot easily attain the highest rewards of duty. Kingly duties first flowed from the original god. Other duties flowed afterwards from his body. Infinite were the other duties, with those of the Vanaprastha mode of life, that were created afterwards. The fruits of all those are exhaustible. Kingly duties, however, are distinguished above them. In them are included all other duties. For this reason Kshatriya duties are said to be the foremost of all. In days of old, Vishnu, by acting according to Kshatriya duties, forcibly suppressed and destroyed his foes and thereby afforded relief to the gods and the Rishis of immeasurable energy. If the divine Vishnu of inconceivable energy had not slain all his foes among the Asuras, then the Brahmanas, and (Brahman) the Creator of the worlds and Kshatriya duties, and the duties that first flowed from the Supreme deity, would all have been destroyed. If that first and foremost of gods had not, by putting forth his prowess, subjugated the earth with all her Asuras, then all the duties, of the four orders and all the duties in respect of the four modes of life would all have been destroyed in consequence of the destruction of Brahmanas. The eternal

हिन्दी अर्थ

परां मेध्याशनामेनां भक्ष्यां मन्ये श्वजाघनीम्

English

duties (of men) had all suffered destruction. It was by the exercise of Kshatriya duties that they were revived, l In every Yuga, the duties of Brahmanas in respect of attaining to Brahma first set in. These, however, are all protected by kingly duties. The latter, on this account, are regarded as the foremost. Casting away life in battle, compassion for all creatures, knowledge of the affairs of the world, protection of men, rescuing them from danger, relieving the distressed and the oppressed, all these occur among Kshatriya duties practised by Kings. Persons that do not regard wholesome restraints and that are governed by lust and wrath, do not commit overt acts of sin from fear of kings. Others that are docile and of righteous behaviour succeed, in consequence of the same influence, in performing all their duties. For this reason Kshatriya duties are regarded to be righteous. Without doubt, all creatures live happily in the world, protected by kings exercising Kshatriya duties like children protected by their parents. Kshatriya duties are the foremost of all duties. Those eternal duties, regarded as the first in the world, embrace the protection of every creature. Themselves eternal, they lead to eternal emancipation.'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

नाकार्यमिह कार्य वै मा छलेनाशुभं कृथा:

English

"I appear before you as your friend, and you are my well-wisher; so I shall strive that you become a man of wealth."

हिन्दी अर्थ

समौ च श्वमृगौ मन्ये तस्माद् भोक्ष्ये श्वजाघनीम्

English

Then at dawn, having inquired after his comfort, he said, "Go, gentle one, by this road, and you will have your purpose done.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नृशंसानामीदृशानां न बिभ्ये

English

Three yojanas from here lives the great lord of the rakshasas, famed as Virupaksha, my mighty friend.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रियस्व काम॑ सहित: क्षुधैव

English

Go to him, best of the twice-born, urged by my word; he will give you the desires you wish; there is no doubt."

हिन्दी अर्थ

मूलं रक्ष्यं भक्षयिष्याम्यभक्ष्यम्

English

Thus addressed, Gautama set out, king, free of weariness, eating fruits like nectar as he wished.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नाहं भविष्यामि यथा त्वमेव

English

On that road, great king, he went quickly, enjoying groves of sandal and aloe and of bark and leaf trees.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुष्कृतो5ब्राह्मण: सत्र यस्त्वामहमुपालभे

English

Then he reached a city named Merusvraja, with mountain gateways, mountain ramparts and bulwarks, and mountain engines and bars.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न ते5थिकारो धर्मे5स्ति मा भूरात्मप्रशंसक:

English

It was made known to that wise lord of the rakshasas, king, that a dear guest had been sent by a friend with affection.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदिदं श्रेय आधत्स्व मा लोभात् पातकं कृथा:

English

Then that lord of the rakshasas said to his servants, Yudhishthira, "Let Gautama be brought quickly from the city gate."

हिन्दी अर्थ

जाने5हं धर्मतो55त्मानं शौनीमुत्सूज जाघनीम्

English

Then men in white turbans came from that excellent city, calling out "Gautama!" and reached the city gate.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दाता चाहं ब्राह्मणस्त्वं प्रतीच्छन्

English

They said to him, great king, "We are sent by the lord of the rakshasas; hurry, come quickly; the king wishes to see you.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदेतयोर्गुरु तद् वै ब्रवीहि

English

The hero, lord of the rakshasas, famed as Virupaksha, is eager to see you; so let it be arranged quickly."

हिन्दी अर्थ

बड़ा है, यह मुझे बताओ

English

Then the brahmana rushed forward, free of weariness from astonishment, Gautama, seeing the splendour of that city, greatly amazed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मन्ये न तस्यास्ति विवर्जनीयम्

English

With those same men he hastened to the king's house, wishing to see the lord of the rakshasas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आहूय देवानिन्द्रादीन् भागं भागं विधिक्रमात्

English

"Indra said, 'Kshatriya duties, O king, which are possessed of such energy, which include in their exercise all other duties, and which are the foremost of all duties, should be observed by persons that are, like thee, so high-souled and so employed in seeking the good of the world. If those duties are not properly discharged, all creatures would be overtaken by ruin. The kings possessed of compassion for all creatures, should regard these to be the foremost of his duties, reclaiming the land for cultivation and fertilizing it, performance of great sacrifices for cleansing himself, a disregard for begging, and protection of subjects. Abandonment (gift) is said by the sages to be the foremost of virtues. Of all kinds of abandonment, again, that of the body in battle, is the foremost. Thou hast seen with thy eyes how the rulers of the earth, ever observant of Kshatriya duties, having duly waited upon their preceptors and acquired great learning, at last cast off their bodies, engaged in battle with one another. The Kshatriya, desirous of acquiring religious merit, should, after having gone through the Brahmacharya mode, should lead a life of domesticity which is always meritorious. In adjudicating upon ordinary questions of right (between his subjects), he should be thoroughly impartial. For causing all the orders to be observant of their respective duties, for the protection they afford to all, for the diverse contrivances and means and the prowess and exertion (with which they seek the accomplishment of their

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रज्ञासमवहारो5यं कविभि: सम्भूतं मधु

English

He was asked his lineage, conduct, study and celibate studentship; but the brahmana said nothing there but his lineage name.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यथा हााशास्त्रकुशला: सर्वत्रायुक्तिनिछ्ठिता

English

Seeing him devoid of Vedic lustre and without study, knowing only his gotra, the king asked about his dwelling.

हिन्दी अर्थ

व्याजेन सद्धिर्विहितो धर्मस्ते परिहास्यति

English

"Where is your dwelling, good sir, what is your lineage, and is your wife a brahmana? Tell me the truth; do not be afraid; rest at ease."

हिन्दी अर्थ

इति बार्हस्पतं ज्ञानं प्रोवाच मघवा स्वयम्

English

[Gautama said:] "I was born in the middle country; my dwelling is in a village of Shabaras; my wife is a shudra, a remarried widow; this I tell you truly."

हिन्दी अर्थ

है--यही बृहस्पतिका मत है, जिसे स्वयं इन्द्रने बताया है

English

[Bhishma said:] Then the king considered, "How should this be done? How can I do good?" so he thought in his mind.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुविनीतेन शास्त्रेण न व्यवस्यन्त्यथापरे

English

"This brahmana is by birth the friend of that great-souled one, and he has been sent to me by Kashyapa.

हिन्दी अर्थ

समुद्दिष्टं सतां धर्म स्‍्वयमूहेत पण्डित:

English

I shall do what pleases him, for he has always relied on me; he is my brother, my kinsman, a friend dear to my heart.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शास्त्र प्राज्स्य वदत: समूहे यात्यदर्शनम्

English

Today, on the full moon of Kartika, a thousand excellent brahmanas will eat with me; he too will eat among them, and wealth shall be given to him."

हिन्दी अर्थ

आवाहन करके उनके लिये क्रमश: विधिपूर्वक पृथक्-पृथक् भाग अर्पित किया

English

objects). Kshatriya duties, which include all other duties within their scope, are said to be the foremost. The other orders are able to observe their respective duties in consequence of kingly duties. For this reason the former are said to be dependent upon the latter in respect of the merit they produce. 1 Those men who disregard all wholesome restraints and who are too much attached to the pursuit of worldly objects are said to be of the nature of brutes. They are compelled to act with justice by the exercise of kingly duties. Those duties, therefore, are said to be the foremost of all. That course of conduct which has been prescribed for Brahmanas who follow the three Vedas, and those modes of life that have been laid down for Brahmanas, should, before everything else, be observed by every Brahmana. If a Brahmana acts otherwise, he should be punished like a Sudra. The duties of the four modes of life and the ritual prescribed in the Vedas, O king, should ever be followed by a Brahmana. Know that he has no other duties. For a Brahmana acting otherwise, a Kshatriya should not make any arrangement for sustenance. His religious merit grows in consequence of his acts. A Brahmana, indeed, is like Dharma's self. That Brahmana who is employed in acts that are not laid down for him, deserves no respect. If not engaged in his proper acts, he should not be trusted. These are the duties that appertain to the several orders. Kshatriyas should take care of them so that their observance may be improved. Even these are the duties of Kshatriyas. For these reasons also, kingly duties and no other, are the foremost of all. They are, as I believe, the duties of heroes, and they that are heroes are foremost in practising them.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

कालेन महता सिद्धिमवाप परमाद्भुताम्

English

"Mandhatri said, 'What duties should be performed by the Yavanas, the Kiratas, the Gandharvas, the

हिन्दी अर्थ

तोषयामास देवांश्व पितृश्च द्विजसत्तम:

English

By the command of the lord of the rakshasas, seats were laid for them, best of the Bharatas, spread by the servants on the ground with fine carpets.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उसके द्वारा जीवनकी रक्षा की

English

On them the king honoured the best of the twice-born as they sat, and they shone, great king, like lords of the constellations.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परिस्थितिसे उद्धार करना चाहिए

English

Then he gave the brahmanas golden dishes marked with diamonds, spotless and auspicious, filled with excellent food and dipped in honey and ghee.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एकचत्वारिंशदधिकशततमोध्याय:

English

Each day, at Ashadha and Magha, many brahmanas obtain from him the excellent meal they wish, always honoured.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अस्ति स्विद् दस्युमर्यादा यामहं परिवर्जये

English

But especially on Kartika he gives to the brahmanas: at the end of autumn, on the full moon, jewels, so it is heard.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तो दस्यु भी नहीं कर सकते)

English

Gold, silver, gems and pearls, great diamonds, and cat's-eyes and woollen deerskins,

हिन्दी अर्थ

उद्यमं नाधिगच्छामि कदाचित् परिसान्त्वयन्

English

piling heaps of jewels for the fees, Bharata, the renowned Virupaksha then said to the best of the twice-born:

हिन्दी अर्थ

कदापि इसमें धर्मविषयक उद्यमके लिये उत्साह नहीं पाता हूँ

English

"Take these jewels as you wish, according to your zeal. And in whatever vessels you have eaten, best of the twice-born, take those very ones and go to your homes, Bharata."

हिन्दी अर्थ

ज्ञेयो भवति कौरव्य सदा तद् विद्धि मे वच:

English

When the great-souled lord of the rakshasas had spoken thus, the bulls among brahmanas took those jewels as they wished.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्म: प्रतिविधातव्यो बुद्धया राज्ञा ततस्तत:

English

Then all those brahmanas, honoured with precious auspicious jewels, in clean garments, became well pleased.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुर्बलस्य कुतः प्रज्ञा पुरस्तादनुपाहृता

English

Then the lord of the rakshasas again spoke to the twice-born, having stopped the rakshasas who had come from various directions:

हिन्दी अर्थ

कहाँसे प्राप्त हो सकती है?

English

"For one day, brahmanas, you have no fear anywhere from rakshasas; rejoice; go as you wish; do not delay."

हिन्दी अर्थ

बुद्धिद्वेधं वेदितव्यं पुरस्तादेव भारत

English

Then all the groups of brahmanas fled on every side; and Gautama too, taking a load of gold in haste,

हिन्दी अर्थ

जनस्तच्चरितं धर्म विजानात्यन्यथान्यथा

English

carrying it with difficulty, hero, came to the banyan; he sat down, exhausted, tired and hungry.

हिन्दी अर्थ

लोग किसी और ही रूपमें समझने लगते हैं

English

Then, king, the best of birds, Rajadharma, came to him, and greeted Gautama with welcome, affectionate as a friend.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तद्बै यथायथं बुद्ध्वा ज्ञाममाददते सताम्

English

The bird removed his weariness with strokes of the tips of his wings, and the wise one honoured him and prepared a meal.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वैषम्यमर्थविद्यानां निरर्था: ख्यापयन्ति ते

English

Having eaten and rested well, Gautama then thought: "This load of fine gold has been taken by me through greed and delusion, and my way is long.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ते सर्वे नृप पापिष्ठा धर्मस्य परिपन्थिन:

English

There is nothing to eat on the road to sustain my life; what shall I do to keep myself alive?" so he thought.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शास्त्रज्ञानमें निपुण न होकर सर्वत्र असंगत युक्तिपर ही अवलम्बित रहते हैं

English

Then, seeing nothing to eat on the road, the ungrateful man, tiger among men, thought this in his mind.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विज्ञानमर्थविद्यानां न सम्यगिति वर्तते

English

"This lord of cranes is at my side, a heap of meat; killing him and taking him, I shall go off quickly."