Shanti Parva

हिन्दी अर्थ

समागच्छन्ति तान् बुद्धवा नियच्छेच्छमयीत च

English

and self-restraint (which are not necessary for

हिन्दी अर्थ

निग्रहश्चापि यत्नेन कर्तव्यो भूतिमिच्छता

English

[Yudhishthira said:] "The conduct of the world rests on dharma, wealth and desire; which of these is the greatest, which the middle, and which the least?

हिन्दी अर्थ

अनुद्धिग्न: काकशड्की भुजड़रितं चरेत्

English

And in which should one restrain oneself in order to conquer the three aims? You who are content should be able to speak the settled word as it is."

हिन्दी अर्थ

न्न त॑ हन्याद् यस्य शिरो न पातयेत्

English

Then Vidura, knower of the truth of the course of wealth, first, quick of wit, spoke, remembering the dharmashastra.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वह धर्म और अर्थसे भी भ्रष्ट न हो?

English

Much learning, austerity, renunciation, faith, sacrificial action, forbearance, purity of heart, compassion, truth and self-restraint are the wealth of the self.

हिन्दी अर्थ

राजमूला इति मतिर्मम नास्त्यत्र संशय:

English

Hold to this alone; let your mind not waver; for dharma and wealth have this as their root; this is the one word of benefit.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विज्ञानबलमास्थाय जीवितव्यं भवेत् तदा

English

By dharma alone the sages crossed over; on dharma the worlds are founded; by dharma the gods dwell in heaven; in dharma wealth is established.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विज्ञानबलका आश्रय लेकर जीवन-निर्वाह करना चाहिए

English

Dharma, king, is best in virtue, wealth is called the middle, and desire the least, so say the wise; therefore one should be intent on dharma, with a controlled self.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राचीन इतिहासका उदाहरण लोग दिया करते हैं

English

When he had finished speaking, Partha, skilled in the science of wealth and knowing the truth of what was said, spoke without weariness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अथवा भय दिखाकर उनकी पापतृत्ति शान्त कर दे

English

him). For a Sudra practising all these duties as also for a Vaisya, O king, and a Kshatriya, the Bhikshu mode of life has been laid down. Having discharged the duties of his order, and having also served the kin, a Vaisya of venerable years, with the king's permission, may betake himself to another mode of life. Having studied the Vedas duly and the treatises on the duties of kings, O sinless one, having begotten children and performed other acts of a like nature, having quaffed the Soma and ruled over and protected all his subjects righteously, O foremost of speakers, having performed the Rajasuya, the horse sacrifice, and other great sacrifices, having invited learned Brahmanas for reciting the scriptures and made presents unto them according to their desires, having obtained victories small or great in battle, having placed on his throne the son of his loins or some Kshatriya of good birth for the protection of subjects, having worshipped the Pitris by performing with due rites the sacrifices laid down for honouring them, having attentively worshipped the gods by performing sacrifices and the Rishis by studying the Vedas, the Kshatriya, who in old age desires another mode of life, may, O king, adopt it by leaving that one which immediately precedes it, and by that means he is sure to obtain (ascetic) success. A Kshatriya, for leading the life of a Rishi, O king, may adopt the Bhikshu mode of life; but he should never do so for the sake of enjoying the pleasures of the world. Having left the domestic mode of life, he may adopt the life of mendicancy by begging, what would barely support his life. A life of mendicancy is not obligatory upon the three orders (viz. Kshatriyas, Vaisyas. and Sudras), O giver of profuse presents! Inasmuch, however, as they can adopt it if they choose, this mode of life, therefore, is open to the four orders. Amongst men, the highest duties are those which are practised by Kshatriyas. The whole world is subject to the might of their arms. All the duties, principal and subordinate, of the three other orders, are dependent (for their observance) upon the duties of the Kshatriya. The Vedas have declared this. Know that as the footprints of all other animals are engulfed in those of the elephant, even so all the duties of the other orders, under every circumstance, are engulfed, in those of the Kshatriya. Men conversant with the scriptures say that the duties of the other three orders afford small relief or protection, and produce small rewards. The learned have said that the duties of the Kshatriya afford great relief and produce great rewards. All duties have kingly duties for their foremost. All the orders are protected by them. Every kind of renunciation occurs in kingly duties, O monarch, and renunciation has been said to be in eternal virtue and the foremost of all. l If the science of chastisement disappears, the Vedas will disappear. All those scriptures also that inculcate the duties of men become lost. Indeed, if these ancient duties belonging to the Kshatriyas be abandoned, all the duties in respect of all the modes of life, become lost. All kinds of renunciation are seen in

हिन्दी अर्थ

विश्वासाद् भयमभ्येति नापरीक्ष्य च विश्वसेद्

English

kingly duties: all kinds or initiation occur in them; all kinds of learning are connected with them; and all kinds of worldly behaviour enter into them. As animals, if slaughtered by the vulgar, become the means of destroying the virtue and the religious acts of the slaughterers, even so all other duties, if deprived of the protection given by kingly duties, become liable to attack and destruction, and men, full of anxiety, disregard the practices laid down for them.'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

अथास्य प्रहरेत् काले किंचिद् विचलिते पदे

English

For the victorious man of wealth is able to worship the highest dharma and also to pursue desire, which is hard to get for those who have not mastered themselves.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भयं हाशड्किताज्जातं समूलमपि कृन्तति

English

Dharma and desire are parts of wealth, so the tradition says; by the success of wealth both of these will be achieved.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विश्वासयित्वा द्वेष्ारमवलुम्पेद् यथा वृक:

English

Beings of higher birth constantly wait upon a man whose wealth has arisen, as upon Brahma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अर्थस्य विघ्नं कुर्वाणा हन्तव्या भूतिमिच्छता

English

Wearing matted locks and deerskins, self-controlled, smeared with mud, masters of their senses, shaven and without thread, they live apart, seeking wealth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रतिपुष्पफलाघाती तीक्ष्णतुण्ड इव द्विज:

English

Others wear ochre robes, bearded and modest, learned and calm, freed from all possessions.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और साध्यपर आघात करे

English

Some seek wealth, others desire heaven, some return to their families, each following his own path.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नाहत्वा मत्स्यघातीव प्राप्रोति महतीं श्रियम्

English

Believers and unbelievers, restrained, intent on restraint; ignorance is darkness become, knowledge is light.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुःखं तत्र न कर्तव्यं हन्यात् पूर्वापकारिणम्

English

He who unites servants with enjoyments and enemies with punishments is the man of wealth. This is my view, best of the intelligent, as it is; now learn the word of these two, whose speech is bound.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दमन भी प्रयत्नपूर्वक करे

English

Then the two sons of Madri, skilled in dharma and wealth, Nakula and Sahadeva, spoke the highest word.

हिन्दी अर्थ

असिनापि शिरश्छित्त्वा शोचेत च रुदेत च

English

Sitting and lying, moving and standing, one should make a firm effort for wealth, by various means, high and low.

हिन्दी अर्थ

लोकाराधनमित्येतत् कर्तव्यं भूतिमिच्छता

English

When this is well established, hard to get and most dear, one gains desires here visibly; there is no doubt.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दन्ताश्न परिमृज्यन्ते रसश्चापि न लभ्यते

English

Wealth joined with dharma and dharma joined with wealth are like honey joined with nectar; therefore both are held good here.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भी रगड़ उठते हैं और रस भी नहीं मिलता है

English

One without wealth has no desire; so how can the unrighteous man have wealth? Therefore the world is alarmed at one cast out from dharma and wealth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अनुबन्धा: शुभा ज्ञेया: पीडाश्न परिवर्जयेत्

English

Therefore wealth should be won by a controlled man with dharma first; and among trusting beings everything is possible.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुन: पुन: प्रवर्धन्ते तस्माच्छेषं न धारयेत्

English

One should practise dharma first, then wealth joined with dharma, and then desire afterward, for that is the fruit for one whose purpose is accomplished.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इसलिये इनमेंसे किसीको शेष नहीं छोड़ना चाहिए

English

Having said these words, the two sons of the Ashvins fell silent, and Bhimasena then began to speak.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जनयन्ति भयं तीव्र व्याधयश्चाप्युपेक्षिता:

English

One without desire does not desire wealth, one without desire does not wish for dharma, and there is no one who desires without desire; therefore desire excels.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कण्टकोपि हि दुश्छिन्नो विकारं कुरुते चिरम्

English

Sages joined with desire are intent on austerity, living on palasha fruits and roots, feeding on air, well restrained.

हिन्दी अर्थ

करनेवाले सर्पके समान शत्रुका छिद्र देखकर उसपर आक्रमण करे

English

Others are devoted to the Vedic discussions, masters of study, in shraddha, sacrificial rites, giving and receiving.

हिन्दी अर्थ

लुब्धमर्थप्रदानेन सम॑ तुल्येन विग्रह:

English

Merchants, farmers, herdsmen, craftsmen, artisans and those who perform rites for the gods are engaged in their tasks by desire.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अमात्यान् परिरक्षेत भेदसंघातयोरपि

English

Others enter the ocean, men joined with desire; for desire is of many forms; all is continually by desire.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तीक्षणकाले भवेत् तीक्ष्णो मृदुकाले मृदुर्भवेत्

English

There is no being, nor has there been, nor will there be, beyond what has desire as its self; this is the essence, great king; dharma and wealth rest on it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जब कोमलतापूर्ण बर्ताव करनेका अवसर हो तो कोमल बन जाय

English

As butter comes from curds, so desire comes from wealth and dharma; oil is better than oil-cake, ghee better than whey,

हिन्दी अर्थ

नासाध्यं मृदुना किंचित् तस्मात् तीक्षणतरो मृदु:

English

flower and fruit are better than the wood; desire is the best of dharma and wealth; as the juice of flowers is honey, so happiness is born of desire.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कोमल ही अत्यन्त तीक्ष्ण है

English

Delight in women, beautifully adorned, intoxicated, speaking sweetly; come to them, enjoy desire, for desire, king, strikes with speed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सिद्ध कर लेता है और शत्रु पर भी उसका अधिकार हो जाता है

English

This is my view, standing in this assembly; let there be no doubt about it, son of Dharma; the word of the good, joined, of no slight substance, with great gentleness, has been uttered.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दीर्घो बुद्धिमतो बाहू याभ्यां हिंसति हिंसित:

English

Dharma, wealth and desire should be served equally; but the man who serves only one is the lowest. They say the one who serves two is middling, and the best is he who delights in the three.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विशाल भुजाओं द्वारा दूरसे भी शत्रुका विनाश कर सकता है

English

The wise, anointed with sandal paste, adorned with varied garlands and ornaments, having spoken in brief and in detail, Bhima, the youngest, ceased.

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्रियं च दीप्तां बुभुजे सबान्धव:

English

Then, after a moment, Dharmaraja, the much-learned, best of those who uphold dharma, having thought over their words well, spoke smiling, in truthful speech.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चत्वारिंशदिधिकशततमो ध्याय:

English

"Without doubt you all have settled the dharmashastras and know the authorities; I wished to know, and what you said as the final word I have heard. But hear now my word too, with undivided minds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अधर्मे धर्मतां नीते धर्मे चाधर्मतां गते

English

The man who is attached neither to sin nor to merit, nor to wealth, dharma or desire, freed from faults, to whom clod and gold are equal, is freed from the accomplishments of pain and pleasure.

हिन्दी अर्थ

राजशि: पीडिते लोके परैर्वापि विशाम्पते

English

Beings are bound with birth and death, joined with the changes of age, and again awakened by those and those; they praise liberation, and we do not know it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कामाल्लोभाच्च मोहाच्च भयं पश्यत्सु भारत

English

"For the awakened, these do not exist through affection": so the blessed Self-born said, and the wise who are intent on nirvana say it; therefore one should make neither the pleasant nor the unpleasant.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निकृत्या हन्यमानेषु वज्चयत्सु परस्परम्

English

This is the chief thing, not acting at will; I act as I am appointed; destiny appoints all beings; know that destiny is stronger.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अवर्षति च पर्जन्ये मिथो भेदे समुत्थिते

English

One does not gain by action what is not to be gained; know that whatever is to be, all comes to be; even one lacking the three aims finds wealth; therefore this is a secret for the good of the world."

हिन्दी अर्थ

केनस्विद् ब्राह्म॒णो जीवेज्जघन्ये काल आगते

English

Then, having understood that whole speech, the best, in tune with their minds and very reasoned, they cheered and rejoiced, and made folded hands to the hero of the Kurus.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कथमापत्सु वर्तेत तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह

English

Hearing that speech of Partha, adorned with lovely letters and sounds, pleasing to the mind, with the thorns of its words removed, the kings praised it; and again, undiminished in spirit, he asked the son of the best of rivers about the highest dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अनावृष्टिरभूद् घोरा लोके द्वादशवार्षिकी

English

here, as elsewhere, to have been used in the sense of one doing (menial) service.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वभूतरुतप्राया बभूव वसुधा तदा

English

[Yudhishthira said:] "What sort of men are gentle, and by whom is the highest affection gained? Who are patient in the future and in the present? Tell me of them.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उदघोषद्धिः खरैरवाकक्‍्ये: कलहद्धिः परस्परम्

English

For there is neither abundant wealth nor are there relatives and kin where friends stand; so I think, friends stand.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न हीदानीमुपायो मे विद्यते प्राणधारणे

English

For a friend who will listen is hard to find, and a friend who does good is hard to find; best of those who uphold dharma, you should explain all this."

हिन्दी अर्थ

तत्र व्रीडाकुलमुख: सोद्वेगस्तेन कर्मणा

English

[Bhishma said:] "Learn from me in full, Yudhishthira, as I tell it, the men with whom, king, one may and may not make an alliance, in truth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चाण्डाल! यदि तू ठीक-ठीक देखता और समझता है तो मेरा वध न कर”

English

The greedy, cruel, one who has given up dharma, the deceitful, the crafty, the petty, of sinful conduct, suspicious of all, and lazy,

हिन्दी अर्थ

शयनादुपसम्भ्रान्त उद्ययौ प्रति तं ततः

English

the procrastinator, the crooked, the harsh, the violator of the teacher's wife, one who abandons in misfortune, evil-souled, shameless,

हिन्दी अर्थ

शय्यासे उठा और उनके पास चला गया

English

the one who sees sin everywhere, the unbeliever, the reviler of the Veda, he whose senses are scattered, who roams in the world devoted to desire,

हिन्दी अर्थ

उवाच कौशिक रात्रौ ब्रह्मन् कि ते चिकीर्षितम्

English

the untruthful, the hated by the world, the unsteady in agreement, the backbiter, the unlearned, the envious, of sinful resolve,

हिन्दी अर्थ

हो गयी (वर्षा हुई ही नहीं)

English

the king, arising from renunciation, is very great. Besides, the merit of every kind of renunciation belongs to him in that way.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जिनके लिये वर्षा बंद हो जानेसे प्रलयकाल-सा उपस्थित हो गया

English

and the dull-witted who is not content, though one carries on as far as able, and who treats a friend ever as a foe, bull among men,

हिन्दी अर्थ

जगाम दक्षिण मार्ग सोमो व्यावृत्तलक्षण:

English

he who is angry at the wrong time and suddenly estranged, who quickly abandons good friends, the sinner,

हिन्दी अर्थ

गया था और वह दक्षिण मार्गपर चला गया था

English

the fool who, over a small wrong or one done through ignorance, serves only his task among friends, a hater of friends, king,

हिन्दी अर्थ

नद्य: संक्षिप्ततोयौघा: किंचिदन्तर्गतास्तत:

English

the enemy with a friend's face, who looks with crooked eye and covets, who is not pleased by good: such a man one should abandon.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जलप्रवाह अत्यन्त क्षीण हो गया और कितनी ही नदियाँ अदृश्य हो गयीं

English

The drunkard, the hater, the cruel, the pitiless and harsh, the tormentor of others, the betrayer of friends, the one intent on killing creatures,

हिन्दी अर्थ

शून्यभूयिछ्नगरा दग्धग्रामनिवेशना

English

the ungrateful, the lowest in the world, are in no way to be allied with, nor the fault-finder; hear now whom you may ally with.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नगरके अधिकांश भाग उजाड़ हो गये थे तथा गाँव और घर जल गये थे

English

Those of good family, eloquent, skilled in knowledge and discernment, knowers of friends, grateful, all-knowing, free of grief,

हिन्दी अर्थ

होकर निर्जन बन गया था

English

endowed with sweetness, true to their word, masters of their senses, given to exercise, maintaining sons, of high lineage,

हिन्दी अर्थ

गोजाविमहिषीहीना परस्परपराहता

English

handsome, virtuous, not greedy, who have conquered fatigue, free of famed faults: these a king should accept.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हाहाकार व्याप्त हो रहा था

English

The good are content, lord, with conduct as far as they are able; they are not angry out of place and not estranged without cause.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बभूवु: क्षुधिता मर्त्या: खादमाना: परस्परम्

English

Estranged, they are not angry, even in mind, skilled in affairs; devoted to a friend's business even at cost to themselves, they do not turn from friends, like a dyed woollen cloth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मनुष्य एक-दूसरेको खाने लगे

English

They do not show their friends faults such as greed and delusion in affairs and with women; trusted, affectionate to kin,

हिन्दी अर्थ

आश्रमान् सम्परित्यज्य पर्यधावन्नितस्तत:

English

for whom wealth is like clod and gold, honest in mind toward friends, who move about without pride, with their wealth and ornaments freely given, supporting their dependants, ever devoted to their master's interest,

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्षुधापरिगतो धीमान् समन्तात् पर्यधावत

English

the king who makes an alliance with such best of men has his kingdom spread, like the moonlight of the lord of the stars.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भक्ष्याभक्ष्यसमो भूत्वा निरग्निरनिकेतन:

English

Constant in the shastras, with anger conquered, strong, fond of battle, patient, endowed with virtue and character: such best of men are fit for alliance.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हिंस्राणां प्राणिघातानामाससाद वने क्वचित्

English

And of those men joined with faults whom I have named, sinless one, the lowest, king, the ungrateful, the killer of friends, is to be abandoned, the evil-doer, by all; this is certain."

हिन्दी अर्थ

वराहखरभग्नास्थिकपालघटसंकुलम्

English

[Yudhishthira said:] "I wish to hear at length the matter, king; tell me of the betrayer of friends and the ungrateful man, of whom you have spoken."

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्पनिर्मोकमालाभि: कृतचिह्लकुटीमठम्

English

[Bhishma said:] "Well, I shall relate an ancient tale of what took place in the northern region among the barbarians, lord of men.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्पकी केंचुलोंकी मालाओंसे विभूषित एवं चिह्नित किया गया था

English

A brahmana of the middle country, dark-limbed, who had given up Brahman, seeing a village crowded with people, entered it, wishing alms.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वचनोंद्वारा एक-दूसरेको कोसते हुए कोलाहल मचा रहे थे

English

There was a robber there, rich, knowing the distinctions of all classes, devoted to brahmanas, true to his word, and devoted to giving.

हिन्दी अर्थ

लोहघण्टापरिष्कारं श्वयूथपरिवारितम्

English

Going to his house he asked for alms, and for a lodging for dwelling, and for alms for the rainy season.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आहारान्वेषणे युक्त: पर यत्नं समास्थित:

English

He gave that brahmana a new garment of fitting kind, and a woman too, past her youth, then without a husband.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मांसमन्नं फलं मूलमन्यद् वा तत्र किउ्चन

English

Receiving all this from the robber, the brahmana, glad at heart, Gautama, took his pleasure with her in that excellent house, king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

फल, मूल या दूसरी कोई वस्तु प्राप्त न हो सकी

English

He also gave help to the robber in his family affairs; he lived there for years in the prosperous village of the Shabaras, and Gautama made great effort in shooting arrows.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पपात भूमौ दौर्बल्यात् तस्मिंश्ञाण्डालपक्कणे

English

Gautama killed daily crooked-limbed creatures, all within the range of his arrows, king, as did the bands of robbers.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अत्यन्त दुर्बलताके कारण वहीं एक चाण्डालके घरमें पृथ्वीपर गिर पड़े

English

Devoted to violence, without compassion, ever intent on killing creatures, Gautama by nearness became equal to the robbers.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कथं वृथा न मृत्यु: स्यादिति पार्थिवसत्तम

English

Living thus happily in the robber village then, many months went by as he killed many birds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

किया जाय, जिससे अन्नके बिना मेरी व्यर्थ मृत्यु न हो सके?

English

Then once another twice-born came to that place, matted-haired, wearing bark and deerskin, devoted to study, pure,

हिन्दी अर्थ

चाण्डालस्य गृहे राजन् सद्यः शस्त्रहतस्य वै

English

humble, of restrained diet, devoted to brahmanas, a master of the Veda, a celibate student from that country, a very dear friend of his; he came to the robber village where Gautama was.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विप्रेण प्राणरक्षार्थ कर्तव्यमिति निश्चष॒यः

English

Seeking a brahmana's house and avoiding shudra food, he roamed in every direction in the village crowded with robbers.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कर लेना उचित है, यह शास्त्रका निश्चित विधान है

English

Then that best of the twice-born entered Gautama's house, and Gautama too having arrived, the two met each other.

हिन्दी अर्थ

असम्भवे वा55ददीत विशिष्टादपि धार्मिकात्

English

Carrying a load of crooked-limbed birds, bow in hand, guilty, his body drenched in blood, he had reached the door of his house.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न स्तैन्यदोषं पश्यामि हरिष्यामि श्वजाघनीम्

English

Seeing him like an ogre, ruined, fallen from his state, the brahmana recognised him, felt shame, and said:

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्मिन् देशे स सुष्वाप श्वपचो यत्र भारत

English

"What are you doing here out of folly? You are a brahmana, born in a good family, known in the middle country; how have you come to be a robber?

हिन्दी अर्थ

चाण्डाल रहा करते थे

English

Remember those foremost twice-born, famed masters of the Veda, in whose line you were born, such a defiler of the family.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शनैरुत्थाय भगवान् प्रविवेश कुटीमठम्

English

Awake to yourself by yourself; remembering truth, character, learning, self-control and compassion, leave this dwelling, brahmana."

हिन्दी अर्थ

परिभिजन्नस्वरो रूक्ष: प्रोवाचाप्रियदर्शन:

English

Thus addressed by his friend, wishing his good, he answered then, king, as if distressed, having made up his mind.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मुनिको आया देख वह फटे हुए स्वरमें बोल उठा

English

"I am poor, best of the twice-born, and I know no Veda; know that I came here for a livelihood, best of brahmanas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जागर्मि नात्र सुप्तोडस्मि हतो5सीति च दारुण:

English

But by seeing you, brahmana sage, I know my purpose is achieved; we shall go together; stay here tonight, tomorrow."