Mahabharata
12
अध्याय 12 / 18

Shanti Parva

शान्तिपर्व

12866 श्लोकभाग 69/172 · श्लोक 153.1–156.26

पूर्ण अध्याय पाठ91 श्लोक

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 153.1

[य] अनर्थानाम अधिष्ठानम उक्तॊ लॊभः पितामह अज्ञानम अपि वै तात शरॊतुम इच्छामि तत्त्वतः

[ya] anarthānāma adhiṣṭhānama uktò lòbhaḥ pitāmaha ajñānama api vai tāta śaròtuma icchāmi tattvataḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

नच वक्चित् कृते कार्य कर्तारें समवेक्षते

English

desires to acquire religious merit should engage in battle. 2 Establishing all his subjects in the observance of their respective duties, it king should cause all of them to do everything according to the dictates of righteousness. Whether he does or does not do any other act, if only he protects his subjects, he is regarded to accomplish all religious acts and is called a Kshatriya and the foremost of men. I shall now tell thee, O Yudhishthira, what the eternal duties of the Vaisya are. A Vaisya should make gifts, study the Vedas, perform sacrifices, and acquire wealth by fair means. With proper attention he should also protect and rear all (domestic) animals as a sire protecting his sons. Anything else that he will do will be regarded as improper for him. By protecting the (domestic) animals, he would obtain great happiness. The Creator, having created the (domestic) animals, bestowed their care upon the Vaisya. Upon the Brahmana and the Kshatriya he conferred (the care of) all creatures. I shall tell thee what the Vaisya's profession is and how he is to earn the means of his sustenance. If he keeps (for others) six kine, he may take the milk of one cow as his remuneration; and if he keeps (for others) a hundred kine, he may take a single pair as such fee. If he trades with other's wealth, he may take a seventh part of the profits (as his share). A seventh also is his share in the profits arising from the trade in horns, but he should take a sixteenth if the trade

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 153.2

[भ] करॊति पापं यॊ ऽजञानान नात्मनॊ वेत्ति च कषमम परद्वेष्टि साधुवृत्तांश च स लॊकस्यैति वाच्यताम

[bha] karòti pāpaṃ yò 'jañānāna nātmanò vetti ca kaṣamama paradveṣṭi sādhuvṛttāṃśa ca sa lòkasyaiti vācyatāma

हिन्दी अर्थ

डरते-डरते यही कहा--“भैया चूहा! अब क्या करोगे?”

English

[Bhishma said:] "He who does sin out of ignorance and does not know what is fit for himself, and hates those of good conduct, comes to be spoken ill of by the world.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 153.3

अज्ञानान निरयं याति तथाज्ञानेन दुर्गतिम अज्ञानात कलेशम आप्नॊति तथापत्सु निमज्जति

ajñānāna nirayaṃ yāti tathājñānena durgatima ajñānāta kaleśama āpnòti tathāpatsu nimajjati

हिन्दी अर्थ

अथ तावपि संत्रस्तौ तं दृष्टवा घोरसंकुलम्

English

By ignorance one goes to hell, by ignorance to a bad end; by ignorance one meets affliction and sinks in calamities."

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 153.4

[य] अज्ञानस्य परवृत्तिं च सथानं वृद्धिं कषयॊदयौ मूलं यॊगं गतिं कालं कारणं हेतुम एव च

[ya] ajñānasya paravṛttiṃ ca sathānaṃ vṛddhiṃ kaṣayòdayau mūlaṃ yògaṃ gatiṃ kālaṃ kāraṇaṃ hetuma eva ca

हिन्दी अर्थ

बलिनौ मतिमन्तौ च संघाते चाप्युपागतौ

English

[Yudhishthira said:] "The origin of ignorance, its seat, growth, rise and decay, its root, its yoga, its course, its time, cause and reason,

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 153.5

शरॊतुम इच्छामि तत्त्वेन यथावद इह पार्थिव अज्ञानप्रभवं हीदं यद दुःखम उपलभ्यते

śaròtuma icchāmi tattvena yathāvada iha pārthiva ajñānaprabhavaṃ hīdaṃ yada duḥkhama upalabhyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

कार्यार्थे कृतसंधानौ दृष्टवा मार्जारमूषिकौ

English

I wish to hear in truth, as it is, here, lord of the earth; for this sorrow that is found here arises from ignorance."

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 153.6

[भ] रागॊ दवेषस तथा मॊहॊ हर्षः शॊकॊ ऽभिमानिता कामः करॊधश च दर्पश च तन्द्रीर आलस्यम एव च

[bha] rāgò daveṣasa tathā mòhò harṣaḥ śòkò 'bhimānitā kāmaḥ karòdhaśa ca darpaśa ca tandrīra ālasyama eva ca

हिन्दी अर्थ

निवासस्थानको चले गये

English

[Bhishma said:] "Attachment, aversion, delusion, joy, grief, pride, desire, anger, arrogance, drowsiness and sloth,

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 153.7

इच्छा दवेषस तथा तापः परवृद्ध्य उपतापिता अज्ञानम एतन निर्दिष्टं पापानां चैव याः करियाः

icchā daveṣasa tathā tāpaḥ paravṛddhya upatāpitā ajñānama etana nirdiṣṭaṃ pāpānāṃ caiva yāḥ kariyāḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततश्रिच्छेद तं पाशं मार्जारस्थ च मूषिक:

English

wish, hatred, heat, increase and torment: this is declared to be ignorance, and the actions that are sinful.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 153.8

एतया या परवृत्तिश च वृद्ध्यादीन यांश च पृच्छसि विस्तरेण महाबाहॊ शृणु तच च विशां पते

etayā yā paravṛttiśa ca vṛddhyādīna yāṃśa ca pṛcchasi vistareṇa mahābāhò śṛṇu taca ca viśāṃ pate

हिन्दी अर्थ

जगाम स स्वभवनं चाण्डालो भरतर्षभ

English

The course arising from it, and the growth and the rest that you ask about, hear in detail, mighty-armed, lord of the people.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 153.9

उभाव एतौ समफलौ समदॊषौ च भारत अज्ञानं चातिलॊभश चाप्य एकं जानीहि पार्थिव

ubhāva etau samaphalau samadòṣau ca bhārata ajñānaṃ cātilòbhaśa cāpya ekaṃ jānīhi pārthiva

हिन्दी अर्थ

बिलस्थं पादपाग्रस्थ: पलितं लोमशोडब्रवीत्

English

These two, ignorance and excessive greed, are equal in fruit and equal in fault, Bharata; know them as one, lord of the earth.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 153.10

लॊभप्रभवम अज्ञानं वृद्धं भूयः परवर्धते सथाने सथानं कषये कषैण्यम उपैति विविधां गतिम

lòbhaprabhavama ajñānaṃ vṛddhaṃ bhūyaḥ paravardhate sathāne sathānaṃ kaṣaye kaṣaiṇyama upaiti vividhāṃ gatima

हिन्दी अर्थ

छिन्नं तु तन्तुबाहुल्‍यं तन्तुरेको5वशेषितः

English

be in hoofs. If he engages in cultivation with seeds supplied by others, he may take a seventh part of the yield. This should be his annual remuneration. A Vaisya should never desire that he should not tend cattle. If a Vaisya desires to tend cattle, no one else should be employed in that task. I should tell thee, O Bharata, what the duties of a Sudra are. The Creator intended the Sudra to become the servant of the other three orders. For this, the service of the three other classes is the duty of Sudra. By such service of the other three, a Sudra may obtain great happiness. He should wait upon the three other classes according to their order of seniority. A Sudra should never amass wealth, lest, by his wealth, he makes the members of the three superior classes obedient to him. By this he would incur sin. With the king's permission, however, a Sudra, for performing religious acts, may earn wealth. I shall now tell thee the profession he should follow and the means by which he may earn his livelihood. It is said that Sudras should certainly be maintained by the (three) other orders. Worn-out umbrellas, turbans, beds and seats, shoes, and fans, should be given to the Sudra servants, i Torn clothes which are no longer fit for wear, should be given away by the regenerate classes unto the Sudra. These are the latter's lawful acquisitions. Men conversant with morality say that if the Sudra approaches any one belonging to the three regenerate orders from desire of doing menial service, the latter should assign him proper work. Unto the sonless Sudra his master should offer the funeral cake. The weak and the old amongst them should be maintained. 2 The Sudra should never abandon his master, whatever the nature or degree of the distress into which the latter may fall. If the master loses his wealth, he should with excessive zeal be supported by the Sudra servant. A Sudra cannot have any wealth that is his own. Whatever he possesses belongs lawfully to his master. 3 Sacrifice has been laid down as a duty of the three other orders. It has been ordained for the Sudra also, O Bharata! A Sudra, however, is not competent to titter swaha and swadha or any other Vedic mantra. For this reason, the Sudra, without observing the vows laid down in the Vedas, should worship the gods in minor sacrifices called Paka-yajnas. The gift called Purna-patra is declared to be the Dakshina of such sacrifices. 4 It has been heard by us that in days of old a Sudra of the name of Paijavana gave a Dakshina (in one of his sacrifices) consisting of a hundred thousand

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 153.11

मूलं लॊभस्य महतः कालात्म गतिर एव च छिन्ने ऽचछिन्ने तथा लॊभे कारणं काल एव हि

mūlaṃ lòbhasya mahataḥ kālātma gatira eva ca chinne 'cachinne tathā lòbhe kāraṇaṃ kāla eva hi

हिन्दी अर्थ

तयो: संवदतोरेवं तथैवापन्नयोर्द्रयो:

English

The root of great greed is time, whose nature is its course; whether greed is cut or not cut, time alone is the cause.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 153.12

तस्याज्ञानात तु लॊभॊ हि लॊभाद अज्ञानम एव च सर्वे दॊषास तथा लॊभात तस्माल लॊभं विवर्जयेत

tasyājñānāta tu lòbhò hi lòbhāda ajñānama eva ca sarve dòṣāsa tathā lòbhāta tasmāla lòbhaṃ vivarjayeta

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततः प्रभातसमये विकृत:ः कृष्णपिड्रल

English

From ignorance of it comes greed, and from greed ignorance; all faults come from greed; therefore one should avoid greed.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 153.13

जनकॊ युवनाश्वश च वृषादर्भिः परसेनजित लॊभक्षयाद दिवं पराप्तास तथैवान्ये जनाधिपाः

janakò yuvanāśvaśa ca vṛṣādarbhiḥ parasenajita lòbhakṣayāda divaṃ parāptāsa tathaivānye janādhipāḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

शंकुकर्णो महावक्त्रो मलिनो घोरदर्शन:

English

Janaka, Yuvanashva, Vrishadarbhi, Prasenajit, and other lords of men reached heaven through the destruction of greed.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 153.14

परत्यक्षं तु कुरुश्रेष्ठ तयज लॊभम इहात्मना तयक्त्वा लॊभं सुखं लॊके परेत्य चानुचरिष्यसि

paratyakṣaṃ tu kuruśreṣṭha tayaja lòbhama ihātmanā tayaktvā lòbhaṃ sukhaṃ lòke paretya cānucariṣyasi

हिन्दी अर्थ

त॑ दृष्टवा यमदूताभ॑ मार्जारिस्त्रस्तचेतन:

English

But, best of the Kurus, visibly, abandon greed here yourself; having abandoned greed, you will go happily in this world and the next."

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.1

[य] सवाध्यायकृतयत्नस्य बराह्मणस्य पितामह धर्मकामस्य धर्मात्मन किं नु शरेय इहॊच्यते

[ya] savādhyāyakṛtayatnasya barāhmaṇasya pitāmaha dharmakāmasya dharmātmana kiṃ nu śareya ihòcyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

कृतज्ञं कृतकर्माणं कच्चिन्मां नाभिशंकसे

English

Purnapatras, according to the ordinance called Aindragni. l Sacrifice (as has been already said), is as much laid down for the Sudra as for the three other classes. Of all sacrifices, devotion has been laid down to be the foremost. 2 Devotion is a high deity. It cleanses all sacrificers. Then again Brahmanas are the foremost of gods unto their respective Sudra attendants. They worship the gods in sacrifices, for obtaining the fruition of various wishes. The members of the three other classes have all sprung from the Brahmanas. 3 The Brahmanas are the gods of the very gods. Whatever they would say would be for thy great good. Therefore, all kinds of sacrifices naturally appertain to all the four orders. The obligation is not one whose discharge is optional. The Brahmana, who is conversant with Richs, Yajuses, and Samans, should always be worshipped as a god. The Sudra, who is without Richs and Yajuses and Samans, has Prajapati for his god. 4 Mental sacrifice. O sire, is laid down for all the orders, O Bharata! It is not true that the gods and other (Superior) persons do not manifest a desire to share the offerings in such sacrifices of even the Sudra. 5 For, this reason, the sacrifice that consists in devotion is laid down for all the classes. 6 The Brahmana is the foremost of gods. It is not true that they that belong to that order do not perform the sacrifices of the other orders. The fire called Vitana, though procured from Vaisyas and inspired with mantras, is still inferior. 7 The Brahmana is the performer or the sacrifices of the three other orders. For this reason all the four orders are holy. All the orders bear towards one another to relation of consanguinity, through the intermediate classes. They have all sprung from Brahmanas. In ascertaining (the priority or subsequence of men in respect of their creation) it will appear that amongst all the orders the Brahmana was created first. Originally Saman

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.2

बहुधा धर्शने लॊके शरेयॊ यद इह मन्यसे अस्मिँल लॊके परे चैव तन मे बरूहि पितामह

bahudhā dharśane lòke śareyò yada iha manyase asmi~la lòke pare caiva tana me barūhi pitāmaha

हिन्दी अर्थ

ममापि तावद् ब्रुवतः शृणु यत् प्रतिभाति मे

English

[Yudhishthira said:] "In the many views of the world, tell me what you hold to be the highest good here, in this world and the next, grandsire.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.3

महान अयं धर्मपथॊ बहुशाखश च भारत किं सविद एवेह धर्माणाम अनुष्ठेयतमं मतम

mahāna ayaṃ dharmapathò bahuśākhaśa ca bhārata kiṃ savida eveha dharmāṇāma anuṣṭheyatamaṃ matama

हिन्दी अर्थ

नविश्वसेदविश्वस्ते विश्वस्ते नातिविश्वसेत्

English

This path of dharma is great and many-branched, Bharata; which of the dharmas is held to be the most fit to be practised?

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.4

धर्मस्य महतॊ राजन बहुशाखस्य तत्त्वतः यन मूलं परमं तात तत सर्वं बरूह्य अतन्द्रितः

dharmasya mahatò rājana bahuśākhasya tattvataḥ yana mūlaṃ paramaṃ tāta tata sarvaṃ barūhya atandritaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

यद्यपि भ्रातर: क्रुद्धा भार्या वा कारणान्तरे

English

Of the great dharma of many branches, king, what is the highest root in truth, dear? Tell me all, untiring."

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.5

[भ] हन्त ते कथयिष्यामि येन शरेयः परपत्स्यसे पीत्वामृतम इव पराज्ञॊ जञानतृप्तॊ भविष्यसि

[bha] hanta te kathayiṣyāmi yena śareyaḥ parapatsyase pītvāmṛtama iva parājñò jañānatṛptò bhaviṣyasi

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रियो भवति दानेन प्रियवादेन चापर:

English

[Bhishma said:] "Well, I shall tell you that by which you will attain the highest good; as if drinking nectar, the wise one will be sated with knowledge.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.6

धर्मस्य विधयॊ नैके ते ते परॊक्ता महर्षिभिः सवं सवं विज्ञानम आश्रित्य दमस तेषां परायणम

dharmasya vidhayò naike te te paròktā maharṣibhiḥ savaṃ savaṃ vijñānama āśritya damasa teṣāṃ parāyaṇama

हिन्दी अर्थ

कि नु तत् कारणं मन्ये येनाहं भवतः प्रिय:

English

The rules of dharma are many, each declared by the great sages according to their own knowledge; but self-control is the refuge of them all."

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.7

दमं निःश्रेयसं पराहुर वृद्धा निश्चयदर्शिनः बराह्मणस्य विशेषेण दमॊ धर्मः सनातनः

damaṃ niḥśreyasaṃ parāhura vṛddhā niścayadarśinaḥ barāhmaṇasya viśeṣeṇa damò dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

न त्वीदृशं त्वया वाच्यं विदुषि स्वार्थपण्डिते

English

The aged who see the settled truth call self-control the highest good; for a brahmana especially, self-control is eternal dharma.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.8

नादान्तस्य करिया सिद्धिर यथावद उपलभ्यते दमॊ दानं तथा यज्ञान अधीतं चातिवर्तते

nādāntasya kariyā siddhira yathāvada upalabhyate damò dānaṃ tathā yajñāna adhītaṃ cātivartate

हिन्दी अर्थ

विषयमें मेरा विचार सुनिश्चित है

English

For one who is not self-controlled, no rite is rightly accomplished; self-control surpasses giving, sacrifices and study.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.9

दमस तेजॊ वर्धयति पवित्रं च दमः परम विपाप्मा तेजसा युक्तः पुरुषॊ विन्दते महत

damasa tejò vardhayati pavitraṃ ca damaḥ parama vipāpmā tejasā yuktaḥ puruṣò vindate mahata

हिन्दी अर्थ

आसीन्मैत्री तु तावन्नौ यावद्धेतुरभूत् पुरा

English

Self-control increases energy, and self-control is the supreme purifier; freed from sin and joined with energy, a man gains the great.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.10

दमेन सदृशं धर्मं नान्यं लॊकेषु शुश्रुम दमॊ हि परमॊ लॊके परशस्तः सर्वधर्मिणाम

damena sadṛśaṃ dharmaṃ nānyaṃ lòkeṣu śuśruma damò hi paramò lòke paraśastaḥ sarvadharmiṇāma

हिन्दी अर्थ

काम किया है। तुम्हें मेरी ओरसे कुछ शंका तो नहीं है?

English

was one; Yajus was one, and Rich was one. I In this connection, persons conversant with ancient histories cite a verse, O king, sung in praise of sacrifice by the Vaikhanasa Munis on the occasion of performing a sacrifice of theirs. Before or after sunrise a person of subdued senses, with heart filled with devotion, poureth libations on the (sacrificial) fire according to the ordinance. Devotion is a mighty agent. With regard to homas again, that variety which is called skanna is the initial one, while that which is called askanna is the last (but foremost in point of merit). Sacrifices are multifarious. Their rites and fruits again are multifarious. The Brahmana possessed of devotion who, endued with scriptural learning, who is acquainted with them all, is competent to perform sacrifices. That person who desires to perform a sacrifice is regarded as righteous even if he happens to be a thief, a sinner, or the worst of sinners. The Rishis applaud such a man. Without doubt they are right. This then is the conclusion that all the orders should always and by every means in their power perform sacrifices. There is nothing in the three worlds equal to sacrifice. Therefore, it has been said that every one with heart free from malice, should perform sacrifices, aided by devotion which is sacred, to the best of his power and according as he

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.11

परेत्य चापि मनुष्येन्द्र परमं विन्दते सुखम दमेन हि समायुक्तॊ महान्तं धर्मम अश्नुते

paretya cāpi manuṣyendra paramaṃ vindate sukhama damena hi samāyuktò mahāntaṃ dharmama aśnute

हिन्दी अर्थ

मित्रोपभोगसमये कि मां त्वं नोपसर्पसि

English

Hereafter too, lord of men, he gains the highest happiness; joined with self-control, he attains great dharma.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.12

सुखं दान्तः परस्वपिति सुखं च परतिबुध्यते सुखं पर्येति लॊकांश च मनश चास्य परसीदति

sukhaṃ dāntaḥ parasvapiti sukhaṃ ca paratibudhyate sukhaṃ paryeti lòkāṃśa ca manaśa cāsya parasīdati

हिन्दी अर्थ

उसको सहायता नहीं मिलती

English

The self-controlled sleeps happily and wakes happily; he moves happily through the worlds, and his mind is serene.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.13

अदान्तः पुरुषः कलेशम अभीक्ष्णं परतिपद्यते अनर्थांश च बहून अन्यान परसृजत्य आत्मदॊषजान

adāntaḥ puruṣaḥ kaleśama abhīkṣṇaṃ paratipadyate anarthāṃśa ca bahūna anyāna parasṛjatya ātmadòṣajāna

हिन्दी अर्थ

स मां मित्रत्वमापन्नमुपभोक्तुं त्वमहसि

English

The man not self-controlled meets constant affliction, and puts forth many other evils born of his own faults.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.14

आश्रमेषु चतुर्ष्व आहुर दमम एवॊत्तमं वरतम तस्य लिङ्गानि वक्ष्यामि येषां समुदयॊ दमः

āśrameṣu caturṣva āhura damama evòttamaṃ varatama tasya liṅgāni vakṣyāmi yeṣāṃ samudayò damaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वे त्वां पूजयिष्यन्ति शिष्या गुरुमिव प्रियम्

English

Among the four stages of life, self-control alone is called the highest vow; I shall tell its marks, of which self-control is the sum.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.15

कषमा धृतिर अहिंसा च समता सत्यम आर्जवम इन्द्रियावजयॊ दाक्ष्यं मार्दवं हरीर अचापलम

kaṣamā dhṛtira ahiṃsā ca samatā satyama ārjavama indriyāvajayò dākṣyaṃ mārdavaṃ harīra acāpalama

हिन्दी अर्थ

जीवितस्य प्रदातारं कृतज्ञ: को न पूजयेत्

English

Forbearance, steadiness, non-violence, equanimity, truth, honesty, mastery of the senses, skill, gentleness, modesty, freedom from restlessness,

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.16

अकार्पण्यम असंरम्भः संतॊषः परियवादिता अविवित्सानसूया चाप्य एषां समुदयॊ दमः

akārpaṇyama asaṃrambhaḥ saṃtòṣaḥ pariyavāditā avivitsānasūyā cāpya eṣāṃ samudayò damaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऐसा कौन पुरुष होगा, जो अपने जीवनदाताकी पूजा न करे?

English

freedom from meanness, from violent effort, contentment, pleasant speech, freedom from contentiousness and from envy: self-control is the sum of these.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.17

गुरु पूजा च कौरव्य दया भूतेष्व अपैशुनम जनवादॊ ऽमृषा वादः सतुतिनिन्दा विवर्जनम

guru pūjā ca kauravya dayā bhūteṣva apaiśunama janavādò 'mṛṣā vādaḥ satutinindā vivarjanama

हिन्दी अर्थ

अर्थानां चैव सर्वेषामनुशास्ता च मे भव

English

Honouring the teacher, Kauravya, compassion for beings, freedom from backbiting, avoiding gossip, lies, praise and blame,

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.18

कामः करॊधश च लॊभश च दर्पः सतम्भॊ विकत्थनम मॊह ईर्ष्यावमानश चेत्य एतद दान्तॊ न सेवते

kāmaḥ karòdhaśa ca lòbhaśa ca darpaḥ satambhò vikatthanama mòha īrṣyāvamānaśa cetya etada dāntò na sevate

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्वं मन्त्रबलयुक्तो हि दत्त्वा जीवितमद्य मे

English

desire, anger, greed, arrogance, stiffness, boasting, delusion, envy and contempt: the self-controlled does not indulge these.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.19

अनिन्दितॊ हय अकामात्माथाल्पेच्छॊ ऽथानसूयकः समुद्रकल्पः स नरॊ न कदा चन पूर्यते

aninditò haya akāmātmāthālpecchò 'thānasūyakaḥ samudrakalpaḥ sa narò na kadā cana pūryate

हिन्दी अर्थ

उवाच परमन्त्रज्ञ: श्लक्षणमात्महितं वच:

English

Unblamed, free of desire, of small wants and without envy, such a man is like the ocean, never filled.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.20

अहं तवयि मम तवं च मयि ते तेषु चाप्य अहम पूर्वसंबन्धिसंयॊगान नैतद दान्तॊ निषेवते

ahaṃ tavayi mama tavaṃ ca mayi te teṣu cāpya ahama pūrvasaṃbandhisaṃyògāna naitada dāntò niṣevate

हिन्दी अर्थ

विचार स्फुरित हो रहा है उसे बतलाता हूँ, अतः मेरे इस कथनको भी सुन लो

English

"I am in you, you are in me, and I am in them": through earlier ties and connections, the self-controlled does not practise this.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.21

सर्वा गराम्यास तथारण्या याश च लॊके परवृत्तयः निन्दां चैव परशंसां च यॊ नाश्रयति मुच्यते

sarvā garāmyāsa tathāraṇyā yāśa ca lòke paravṛttayaḥ nindāṃ caiva paraśaṃsāṃ ca yò nāśrayati mucyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतत् सुसूक्ष्मं लोके5स्मिन् दृश्यते प्राज्ञ सम्मतम्

English

All the activities of village and forest in the world: he who relies on neither blame nor praise is freed.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.22

मैत्रॊ ऽथ शीलसंपन्नः सुसहाय परश च यः मुक्तश च विविधैः सङ्गैस तस्य परेत्य महत फलम

maitrò 'tha śīlasaṃpannaḥ susahāya paraśa ca yaḥ muktaśa ca vividhaiḥ saṅgaisa tasya paretya mahata phalama

हिन्दी अर्थ

संधितास्ते न बुद्धयन्ते कामक्रोधवशं गता:

English

One who is friendly, endowed with good character, with good companions, and freed from the various attachments gains a great fruit hereafter.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.23

सुवृत्तः शीलसंपन्नः परसन्नात्मात्मविद बुधः पराप्येह लॊके सत्कारं सुगतिं परतिपद्यते

suvṛttaḥ śīlasaṃpannaḥ parasannātmātmavida budhaḥ parāpyeha lòke satkāraṃ sugatiṃ paratipadyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

समझना असम्भव हो जाता है कि वे मित्रभावसे युक्त हैं या शत्रुभावसे?

English

One of good conduct, with good character, serene of soul, a knower of the self, the wise, gains honour here and reaches a good end.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.24

कर्म यच छुभम एवेह सद्भिर आचरितं च यत तद एव जञानयुक्तस्य मुनेर धर्मॊ न हीयते

karma yaca chubhama eveha sadbhira ācaritaṃ ca yata tada eva jañānayuktasya munera dharmò na hīyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

सामर्थ्ययोगाज्जायन्ते मित्राणि रिपवस्तथा

English

The good deed done here and practised by the good: that same is the dharma of the sage joined with knowledge, and it does not fail.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.25

निष्क्रम्य वनम आस्थाय जञानयुक्तॊ जितेन्द्रियः कालाकाङ्क्षी चरन्न एवं बरह्मभूयाय कल्पते

niṣkramya vanama āsthāya jañānayuktò jitendriyaḥ kālākāṅkṣī caranna evaṃ barahmabhūyāya kalpate

हिन्दी अर्थ

स तस्य मित्र तावत् स्याद् यावन्न स्याद् विपर्यय:

English

Going forth and taking to the forest, joined with knowledge and master of the senses, awaiting the time, so roaming he becomes fit for Brahman.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.26

अभयं यस्य भूतेभ्यॊ भूतानाम अभयं यतः तस्य देहाद विमुक्तस्य भयं नास्ति कुतश चन

abhayaṃ yasya bhūtebhyò bhūtānāma abhayaṃ yataḥ tasya dehāda vimuktasya bhayaṃ nāsti kutaśa cana

हिन्दी अर्थ

अर्थयुक्त्यानुजायन्ते मित्राणि रिपवस्तथा

English

He from whom beings have no fear, and through whom beings have no fear, released from the body, has no fear from any quarter.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.27

अवाचिनॊति कर्माणि न च संप्रचिनॊति ह समः सर्वेषु भूतेषु मैत्रायण गतिश चरेत

avācinòti karmāṇi na ca saṃpracinòti ha samaḥ sarveṣu bhūteṣu maitrāyaṇa gatiśa careta

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वार्थके सम्बन्धसे मित्र और शत्रु होते रहते हैं

English

He neither heaps up deeds nor gathers them; equal toward all beings, let him go the way of Maitrayana.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.28

शकुनीनाम इवाकाशे जले वारि चरस्य वा यथागतिर न दृश्येत तथा तस्य न संशयः

śakunīnāma ivākāśe jale vāri carasya vā yathāgatira na dṛśyeta tathā tasya na saṃśayaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

शन्रुश्न मित्रतामेति स्वार्थों हि बलवत्तर:

English

As the course of birds in the sky or of water creatures in water is not seen, so is his, without doubt.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.29

गृहान उत्सृज्य यॊ राजन मॊक्षम एवाभिपद्यते लॊकास तेजॊमयास तस्य कल्पन्ते शाश्वतीः समाः

gṛhāna utsṛjya yò rājana mòkṣama evābhipadyate lòkāsa tejòmayāsa tasya kalpante śāśvatīḥ samāḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

अर्थयुक्तिमविज्ञाय य: प्रीती कुरुते मन:

English

The man who, leaving his house, king, turns to liberation alone, has radiant worlds appointed for him for everlasting years.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.30

संन्यस्य सर्वकर्माणि संन्यस्य विधिवत तपः संन्यस्य विविधा विद्याः सर्वं संन्यस्य चैव ह

saṃnyasya sarvakarmāṇi saṃnyasya vidhivata tapaḥ saṃnyasya vividhā vidyāḥ sarvaṃ saṃnyasya caiva ha

हिन्दी अर्थ

अर्थयुकत्या हि जायन्ते पिता माता सुतस्तथा

English

Having renounced all actions, renounced austerity according to rule, renounced the various kinds of knowledge, and indeed renounced everything,

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.31

कामेषु चाप्य अनावृत्तः परसन्नात्मात्मविच छुचिः पराप्येह लॊके सत्कारं सवर्गं समभिपद्यते

kāmeṣu cāpya anāvṛttaḥ parasannātmātmavica chuciḥ parāpyeha lòke satkāraṃ savargaṃ samabhipadyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुत्र हि मातापितरौ त्यजत: पतितं प्रियम्

English

not returning to desires, serene of soul, a knower of the self, pure, he gains honour here and reaches heaven.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.32

यच च पैतामहं सथानं बरह्मराशि समुद्भवम गुहायां पिहितं नित्यं तद दमेनाभिपद्यते

yaca ca paitāmahaṃ sathānaṃ barahmarāśi samudbhavama guhāyāṃ pihitaṃ nityaṃ tada damenābhipadyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

अस्मिन् निलय एव त्वं न्यग्रोधादवतारित:

English

And the seat of the Grandfather, born of the mass of Brahman, hidden in the cave always, is reached by self-control.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.33

जञानारामस्य बुद्धस्य सर्वभूताविरॊधिनः नावृत्ति भयम अस्तीह परलॊके भयं कुतः

jañānārāmasya buddhasya sarvabhūtāviròdhinaḥ nāvṛtti bhayama astīha paralòke bhayaṃ kutaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

आत्मनश्वपलो नास्ति कुतोन्येषां भविष्यति

English

For the awakened one who delights in knowledge and is hostile to no being, there is no fear of return here; whence fear in the next world?

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.34

एक एव दमे दॊषॊ दवितीयॊ नॊपपद्यते यद एनं कषमया युक्तम अशक्तं मन्यते जनः

eka eva dame dòṣò davitīyò nòpapadyate yada enaṃ kaṣamayā yuktama aśaktaṃ manyate janaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

करेगा? अतः यह निश्चित है कि चपल पुरुष सब काम चौपट कर देता है

English

There is only one fault in self-control, and no second is found: that people regard one joined with forbearance as powerless.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.35

एतस्य तु महाप्राज्ञ दॊषस्य सुमहान गुणः कषमायां विपुला लॊकाः सुलभा हि सहिष्णुना

etasya tu mahāprājña dòṣasya sumahāna guṇaḥ kaṣamāyāṃ vipulā lòkāḥ sulabhā hi sahiṣṇunā

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रवीषि मधुरं यच्च प्रियो मेडद्य भवानिति

English

But of this fault, greatly wise one, there is a very great merit: in forbearance are vast worlds, easy to gain for the patient.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.36

दान्तस्य किम अरण्येन तथादान्तस्य भारत यत्रैव हि वसेद दान्तस तद अरण्यं स आश्रमः

dāntasya kima araṇyena tathādāntasya bhārata yatraiva hi vaseda dāntasa tada araṇyaṃ sa āśramaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

कारणात् प्रियतामेति द्वेष्यो भवति कारणात्

English

What need has the self-controlled of the forest, and likewise the one not self-controlled, Bharata? Wherever the self-controlled man dwells, that is the forest, that is the hermitage.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.37

[व] एतद भीष्मस्य वचनं शरुत्वा राजा युधिष्ठिरः अमृतेनेव संतृप्तः परहृष्टः समपद्यत

[va] etada bhīṣmasya vacanaṃ śarutvā rājā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ amṛteneva saṃtṛptaḥ parahṛṣṭaḥ samapadyata

हिन्दी अर्थ

सख्यं सोदर्ययोर्भ्रन्रोर्दम्पत्योर्वां परस्परम्

English

[Vaishampayana said:] Hearing this speech of Bhishma, King Yudhishthira became delighted, as if sated with nectar.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 154.38

पुनश च परिपप्रच्छ भीष्मं धर्मभृतां वरम तपः परति स चॊवाच तस्मै सर्वं कुरूद्वह

punaśa ca paripapraccha bhīṣmaṃ dharmabhṛtāṃ varama tapaḥ parati sa còvāca tasmai sarvaṃ kurūdvaha

हिन्दी अर्थ

किसीके भी प्रेमको मैं निष्कारण (स्वार्थरहित) नहीं समझता

English

And he asked again Bhishma, best of those who uphold dharma, about austerity, and Bhishma told him everything, bull of the Kurus.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 155.1

[भ] सर्वम एतत तपॊ मूलं कवयः परिचक्षते न हय अतप्त तपा मूढः करियाफलम अवाप्यते

[bha] sarvama etata tapò mūlaṃ kavayaḥ paricakṣate na haya atapta tapā mūḍhaḥ kariyāphalama avāpyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्वं हि मे जातितः शत्रु: सामर्थ्यान्मित्रतां गत:

English

occasions, while the services of the latter are permanent and constant.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 155.2

परजापतिर इदं सर्वं तपसैवासृजत परभुः तथैव वेदान ऋषयस तपसा परतिपेदिरे

parajāpatira idaṃ sarvaṃ tapasaivāsṛjata parabhuḥ tathaiva vedāna ṛṣayasa tapasā paratipedire

हिन्दी अर्थ

भक्ष्यार्थ हवबद्धस्त्वं स मुक्त: पीडित: क्षुधा

English

horses. In the case of this particular Sudra, that ordinance (without its mantras) was followed, and a hundred thousand Purnapatras were substituted for kine or horses of that number.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 155.3

तपसॊ हय आनुपूर्व्येण फलमूलानिलाशनाः तरीँल लॊकांस तपसा सिद्धाः पश्यन्ति सुसमाहिताः

tapasò haya ānupūrvyeṇa phalamūlānilāśanāḥ tarī~la lòkāṃsa tapasā siddhāḥ paśyanti susamāhitāḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

जानामि क्षुधितं तु त्वामाहारसमयश्च ते

English

sacrifices though he is not competent to utter mantras.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 155.4

औषधान्य अगदादीनि तिस्रॊ विद्याश च संस्कृताः तपसैव हि सिध्यन्ति तपॊ मूलं हि साधनम

auṣadhānya agadādīni tisrò vidyāśa ca saṃskṛtāḥ tapasaiva hi sidhyanti tapò mūlaṃ hi sādhanama

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्वं चापि पुत्रदारस्थों यत् संधिं सृजसे मयि

English

the Vedas and utter Vedic mantras, has Prajapati for his god whom he can worship with rites other than those laid down in the Vedas. The Brahmanas have Agni for their god, and the Kshatriyas, Indra. Upadravah means a servant or attendant, hence, a Sudra.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 155.5

यद दुरापं दुराम्नायं दुराधर्षं दुरुत्सहम सर्वं तत तपसा शक्यं तपॊ हि दुरतिक्रमम

yada durāpaṃ durāmnāyaṃ durādharṣaṃ durutsahama sarvaṃ tata tapasā śakyaṃ tapò hi duratikramama

हिन्दी अर्थ

मेरी सेवा करनेका यत्न करते हो, वह सब मेरे योग्य नहीं है

English

"Whatever is hard to obtain, hard to learn, hard to approach, hard to endure, all that can be won by austerity, for austerity is hard to surpass.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 155.6

सुरापॊ ऽसंमतादायी भरूणहा गुरुतल्पगः तपसैव सुतप्तेन नरः पापाद विमुच्यते

surāpò 'saṃmatādāyī bharūṇahā gurutalpagaḥ tapasaiva sutaptena naraḥ pāpāda vimucyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

हर्षसे उललसित हो मुझे कैसे नहीं खा जायँगे?

English

The drinker of liquor, the taker of what is not approved, the killer of a foetus, the violator of a teacher's bed: a man is freed from sin by austerity well performed alone.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 155.7

तपसॊ बहुरूपस्य तैस तैर दवारैः परवर्ततः निवृत्त्या वर्तमानस्य तपॊ नानशनात परम

tapasò bahurūpasya taisa taira davāraiḥ paravartataḥ nivṛttyā vartamānasya tapò nānaśanāta parama

हिन्दी अर्थ

नाहं त्वया समेष्यामि वृत्तो हेतु: समागमे

English

Austerity has many forms, proceeding by these and those doors; for one who lives in withdrawal, there is no austerity higher than fasting.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 155.8

अहिंसा सत्यवचनं दानम इन्द्रियनिग्रहः एतेभ्यॊ हि महाराज तपॊ नानशनात परम

ahiṃsā satyavacanaṃ dānama indriyanigrahaḥ etebhyò hi mahārāja tapò nānaśanāta parama

हिन्दी अर्थ

शत्रोरनार्य भूतस्य क्लिष्टस्य क्षुधितस्य च

English

Non-violence, truthful speech, giving, and restraint of the senses: from these, great king, there is no austerity higher than fasting.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 155.9

न दुष्करतरं दानान नातिमातरम आश्रमः तरैविद्येभ्यः परं नास्ति संन्यासः परमं तपः

na duṣkarataraṃ dānāna nātimātarama āśramaḥ taraividyebhyaḥ paraṃ nāsti saṃnyāsaḥ paramaṃ tapaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

बलवत्संनिकर्षो हि न कदाचित् प्रशस्थते

English

Nothing is harder than giving, no stage of life is beyond measure; there is nothing higher than the knowers of the three Vedas; renunciation is the supreme austerity."

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 155.10

इन्द्रियाणीह रक्षन्ति धनधान्याभिगुप्तये तस्माद अर्थे च धर्मे च तपॊ नानशनात परम

indriyāṇīha rakṣanti dhanadhānyābhiguptaye tasmāda arthe ca dharme ca tapò nānaśanāta parama

हिन्दी अर्थ

सोहमेवं प्रणीतानि ज्ञात्वा शास्त्राणि तत्त्वतः

English

is applied to both beds and seats. The Hindu Upanaha had wooden soles.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 155.11

ऋषयः पितरॊ देवा मनुष्या मृगसत्तमाः यानि चान्यानि भूतानि सथावराणि चराणि च

ṛṣayaḥ pitarò devā manuṣyā mṛgasattamāḥ yāni cānyāni bhūtāni sathāvarāṇi carāṇi ca

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्वं हि सौम्य कृतार्थोड्द्य निर्वुत्तार्थास्तथा वयम्

English

unto his sonless master and support masters if old and weak. There can be little doubt that they are

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 155.12

तपः परायणाः सर्वे सिध्यन्ति तपसा च ते इत्य एवं तपसा देवा महत्त्वं चाप्य अवाप्नुवन

tapaḥ parāyaṇāḥ sarve sidhyanti tapasā ca te itya evaṃ tapasā devā mahattvaṃ cāpya avāpnuvana

हिन्दी अर्थ

अहमन्नं भवान् भोक्ता दुर्बलो5हं भवान् बली

English

that which is shown in supporting his own relations.' It cannot mean, as K.P. Sinha puts it, 'with the surplus left after supporting his own relations.'

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 155.13

इमानीष्ट विभागानि फलानि तपसा सदा तपसा शक्यते पराप्तुं देवत्वम अपि निश्चयात

imānīṣṭa vibhāgāni phalāni tapasā sadā tapasā śakyate parāptuṃ devatvama api niścayāta

हिन्दी अर्थ

स मन्येऊहं तव प्रज्ञां यन्मोक्षात् प्रत्यनन्तरम्

English

offered to the inferior deities called Viswadevas. A Purnapatra is literally a large dish or basket full of rice. It should consist of 256 handfuls. Beyond a Purnapatra, the Sudra should not give any other Dakshina in any sacrifice of his.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.1

[य] सत्यं धर्मे परशंसन्ति विप्रर्षिपितृदेवताः सत्यम इच्छाम्य अहं शरॊतुं तन मे बरूहि पितामह

[ya] satyaṃ dharme paraśaṃsanti viprarṣipitṛdevatāḥ satyama icchāmya ahaṃ śaròtuṃ tana me barūhi pitāmaha

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदि त्वं सुकृतं वेत्सि तत् सख्यमनुसारय

English

sacrifices by all the three. The Kshatriya and the Vaisya cannot perform sacrifices by means of their bodies. They must employ Brahmanas in their sacrifices. These two orders, however, can utter mantras and perform mental sacrifices. The Sudra alone cannot employ his body or utter mantras in sacrifices. The holy sacrifice in his case is the mental sacrifice. A mental sacrifice is a resolve to give away in honour of the gods or unto the gods without the aid of the Vedic ritual. The resolve must be followed by

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.2

सत्यं किं लक्षणं राजन कथं वा तद अवाप्यते सत्यं पराप्य भवेत किं च कथं चैव तद उच्यते

satyaṃ kiṃ lakṣaṇaṃ rājana kathaṃ vā tada avāpyate satyaṃ parāpya bhaveta kiṃ ca kathaṃ caiva tada ucyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

न तु मामन्यथा साधो त्वं ग्रहीतुमिहाहसि

English

[Yudhishthira said:] "What is the mark of truth, king, or how is it attained? What comes of attaining truth, and how is it declared?"

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.3

[भ] चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य धर्माणां संकरॊ न परशस्यते अविकारितमं सत्यं सर्ववर्णेषु भारत

[bha] cāturvarṇyasya dharmāṇāṃ saṃkarò na paraśasyate avikāritamaṃ satyaṃ sarvavarṇeṣu bhārata

हिन्दी अर्थ

नविश्वसेदविश्वस्ते विश्वस्ते नातिविश्वसेत्

English

[Bhishma said:] "A mixing of the duties of the four classes is not praised; truth is the least changeable among all classes, Bharata.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.4

सत्यं सत्सु सदा धर्मः सत्यं धर्मः सनातनः सत्यम एव नमस्येत सत्यं हि परमा गतिः

satyaṃ satsu sadā dharmaḥ satyaṃ dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ satyama eva namasyeta satyaṃ hi paramā gatiḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्मात् सर्वास्ववस्थासु रक्षेज्जीवितमात्मन:

English

Truth is always the dharma among the good; truth is eternal dharma; one should bow to truth alone, for truth is the supreme goal.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.5

सत्यं धर्मस तपॊयॊगः सत्यं बरह्म सनातनम सत्यं यज्ञः परः परॊक्तः सत्ये सर्वं परतिष्ठितम

satyaṃ dharmasa tapòyògaḥ satyaṃ barahma sanātanama satyaṃ yajñaḥ paraḥ paròktaḥ satye sarvaṃ paratiṣṭhitama

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुरुषको धन और संतान--सभी मिल जाते हैं

English

Truth is dharma and the practice of austerity; truth is eternal Brahman; truth is said to be the supreme sacrifice; everything is founded on truth.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.6

आचारान इह सत्यस्य यथावद अनुपूर्वशः लक्षणं च परवक्ष्यामि सत्यस्येह यथाक्रमम

ācārāna iha satyasya yathāvada anupūrvaśaḥ lakṣaṇaṃ ca paravakṣyāmi satyasyeha yathākramama

हिन्दी अर्थ

संक्षेपो नीतिशास्त्राणामविश्वास: परो मत:

English

I shall tell you, in due order, the practices and the marks of truth here, in proper sequence.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.7

पराप्यते हि यथासत्यं तच च शरॊतुं तवम अर्हसि सत्यं तरयॊदश विधं सर्वलॊकेषु भारत

parāpyate hi yathāsatyaṃ taca ca śaròtuṃ tavama arhasi satyaṃ tarayòdaśa vidhaṃ sarvalòkeṣu bhārata

हिन्दी अर्थ

वध्यन्ते न हाविश्वस्ता: शत्रुभिर्दु्बला अपि

English

You should hear how truth is attained; truth is thirteenfold in all the worlds, Bharata.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.8

सत्यं च समता चैव दमश चैव न संशयः अमात्सर्यं कषमा चैव हरीस तितिक्षानसूयता

satyaṃ ca samatā caiva damaśa caiva na saṃśayaḥ amātsaryaṃ kaṣamā caiva harīsa titikṣānasūyatā

हिन्दी अर्थ

वह डाली छोड़कर बड़े वेगसे तुरंत दूसरी ओर चला गया

English

Truth, equanimity, self-control, without doubt, freedom from envy, forbearance, modesty, endurance, freedom from malice,

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.9

तयागॊ धयानम अथार्यत्वं धृतिश च सततं सथिरा अहिंसा चैव राजेन्द्र सत्याकारास तरयॊदश

tayāgò dhayānama athāryatvaṃ dhṛtiśa ca satataṃ sathirā ahiṃsā caiva rājendra satyākārāsa tarayòdaśa

हिन्दी अर्थ

अरिणापि समर्थन संधि कुर्वीत पण्डित:

English

renunciation, meditation, nobility, firmness ever steady, and non-violence, king of kings: these are the thirteen forms of truth.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.10

सत्यं नामाव्ययं नित्यम अविकारि तथैव च सर्वधर्माविरुद्धं च यॊगेनैतद अवाप्यते

satyaṃ nāmāvyayaṃ nityama avikāri tathaiva ca sarvadharmāviruddhaṃ ca yògenaitada avāpyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

मैनें तुम्हारा कोई उपकार किया है तो तुम मेरे प्रति सदा मैत्रीभाव बनाये रखना

English

created first, all the rest have sprung.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.11

आत्मनीष्टे तथानिष्टे रिपौ च समता तथा इच्छा दवेषक्षयं पराप्य कामक्रॊधक्षयं तथा

ātmanīṣṭe tathāniṣṭe ripau ca samatā tathā icchā daveṣakṣayaṃ parāpya kāmakròdhakṣayaṃ tathā

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदि स्वार्थ न ते कार्य ब्रूहि किं करवाणि ते

English

Equanimity toward oneself, toward the unwished, and toward the enemy; having reached the destruction of wish and aversion, and of desire and anger;

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.12

दमॊ नान्यस्पृहा नित्यं धैर्यं गाम्भीर्यम एव च अभयं करॊधशमनं जञानेनैतद अवाप्यते

damò nānyaspṛhā nityaṃ dhairyaṃ gāmbhīryama eva ca abhayaṃ karòdhaśamanaṃ jañānenaitada avāpyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

आत्मार्थे संततिस्त्याज्या राज्यं रत्नं धनानि च

English

self-control, no craving for others' things, steadiness and depth, fearlessness, calming of anger: this is gained by knowledge.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.13

अमात्सर्यं बुधाः पराहुर दानं धर्मे च संयमम अवस्थितेन नित्यं च सत्येनामत्सरी भवेत

amātsaryaṃ budhāḥ parāhura dānaṃ dharme ca saṃyamama avasthitena nityaṃ ca satyenāmatsarī bhaveta

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऐश्वर्यधनरत्नानां प्रत्यमित्रे निवर्तताम्

English

The wise call giving, and restraint in dharma, freedom from envy; one should be free of envy by being ever established in truth.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.14

अक्षमायाः कषमायाश च परियाणीहाप्रियाणि च कषमते सर्वतः साधुः साध्व आप्नॊति च सत्यवान

akṣamāyāḥ kaṣamāyāśa ca pariyāṇīhāpriyāṇi ca kaṣamate sarvataḥ sādhuḥ sādhva āpnòti ca satyavāna

हिन्दी अर्थ

न त्वात्मन: सम्प्रदानं धनरत्नवदिष्यते

English

Of impatience and forbearance, pleasant and unpleasant things here, the good man bears all sides, and the truthful gains the good.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.15

कल्याणं कुरुते गाढं हरीमान न शलाघते कव चित परशान्तवान मना नित्यं हरीस तु धर्माद अवाप्यते

kalyāṇaṃ kurute gāḍhaṃ harīmāna na śalāghate kava cita paraśāntavāna manā nityaṃ harīsa tu dharmāda avāpyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

आत्मरक्षणतन्त्राणां सुपरीक्षितकारिणाम्

English

The modest man does good deeply and never boasts; he is ever calm of mind; modesty is gained from dharma.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.16

धर्मार्थहेतॊः कषमते तितिक्षा कषान्तिर उच्यते लॊकसंग्रहणार्थं तु सा तु धैर्येण लभ्यते

dharmārthahetòḥ kaṣamate titikṣā kaṣāntira ucyate lòkasaṃgrahaṇārthaṃ tu sā tu dhairyeṇa labhyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

शत्रून् सम्यग् विजानन्ति दुर्बला ये बलीयस:

English

Endurance bears for the sake of dharma and wealth; this is called patience, but for the support of the world it is gained by steadiness.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.17

तयागः सनेहस्य यस तयागॊ विषयाणां तथैव च रागद्वेषप्रहीणस्य तयागॊ भवति नान्यथा

tayāgaḥ sanehasya yasa tayāgò viṣayāṇāṃ tathaiva ca rāgadveṣaprahīṇasya tayāgò bhavati nānyathā

हिन्दी अर्थ

इत्यभिव्यक्तमेवं स पलितेनाभिभर्त्सित:

English

Renunciation is the giving up of affection and likewise of objects; it comes to one free of attachment and aversion, not otherwise.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.18

आर्यता नाम भूतानां यः करॊति परयत्नतः शुभं कर्म निराकारॊ वीतरागत्वम एव च

āryatā nāma bhūtānāṃ yaḥ karòti parayatnataḥ śubhaṃ karma nirākārò vītarāgatvama eva ca

हिन्दी अर्थ

माजरि व्रीडितो भूत्वा मूषिकं वाक्यमब्रवीत्

English

Nobility is the doing, with effort, of good deeds toward beings, without form, and indeed freedom from attachment.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.19

धृतिर नाम सुखे दुःखे यथा नाप्नॊति विक्रियाम तां भजेत सदा पराज्ञॊ य इच्छेद भूतिम आत्मनः

dhṛtira nāma sukhe duḥkhe yathā nāpnòti vikriyāma tāṃ bhajeta sadā parājñò ya iccheda bhūtima ātmanaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

तन्मन्ये5हं तव प्रज्ञां यस्त्वं मम हिते रत:

English

Firmness is not undergoing change in pleasure or pain; the wise man who wishes his own prosperity should always cultivate it.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.20

सर्वथा कषमिणा भाव्यं तथा सत्यपरेण च वीतहर्षभयक्रॊधॊ धृतिम आप्नॊति पण्डितः

sarvathā kaṣamiṇā bhāvyaṃ tathā satyapareṇa ca vītaharṣabhayakròdhò dhṛtima āpnòti paṇḍitaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्मज्ञोडस्मि गुणज्ञोडस्मि कृतज्ञोडस्मि विशेषत:

English

One should be forbearing in every way, and devoted to truth; freed from joy, fear and anger, the wise man attains firmness.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.21

अद्रॊहः सर्वभूतेषु कर्मणा मनसा गिरा अनुग्रहश च दानं च सतां धर्मः सनातनः

adròhaḥ sarvabhūteṣu karmaṇā manasā girā anugrahaśa ca dānaṃ ca satāṃ dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्मादेवं पुनः साधो मय्याचरितुमरहसि

English

Non-injury to all beings in deed, mind and speech, favour and giving: this is the eternal dharma of the good.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.22

एते तरयॊदशाकाराः पृथक सत्यैक लक्षणाः भजन्ते सत्यम एवेह बृंहयन्ति च भारत

ete tarayòdaśākārāḥ pṛthaka satyaika lakṣaṇāḥ bhajante satyama eveha bṛṃhayanti ca bhārata

हिन्दी अर्थ

हूँ। विद्वानोंने मुझ-जैसे मनस्वी पुरुषोंपर सदा विश्वास ही किया और देखा है

English

These thirteen forms, each marked by truth alone, resort to truth here and strengthen it, Bharata.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.23

नान्तः शक्यॊ गुणानां हि वक्तुं सत्यस्य भारत अतः सत्यं परशंसन्ति विप्राः स पितृदेवताः

nāntaḥ śakyò guṇānāṃ hi vaktuṃ satyasya bhārata ataḥ satyaṃ paraśaṃsanti viprāḥ sa pitṛdevatāḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

इति संस्तूयमानो5पि माजरिण स मूषिक:

English

The end of the virtues of truth cannot be told, Bharata; therefore brahmanas, with the ancestors and gods, praise truth.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.24

नास्ति सत्यात परॊ धर्मॊ नानृतात पातकं परम सथितिर हि सत्यं धर्मस्य तस्मात सत्यं न लॊपयेत

nāsti satyāta parò dharmò nānṛtāta pātakaṃ parama sathitira hi satyaṃ dharmasya tasmāta satyaṃ na lòpayeta

हिन्दी अर्थ

साधुर्भवान् श्रुतार्थो5स्मि प्रीये च न च विश्वसे

English

There is no dharma higher than truth, no sin higher than falsehood; truth is the foundation of dharma; therefore one should not neglect truth.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.25

उपैति सत्याद दानं हि तथा यज्ञाः स दक्षिणाः वरताग्निहॊत्रं वेदाश च ये चान्ये धर्मनिश्चयाः

upaiti satyāda dānaṃ hi tathā yajñāḥ sa dakṣiṇāḥ varatāgnihòtraṃ vedāśa ca ye cānye dharmaniścayāḥ

हिन्दी अर्थ

नह्ामित्रे वशं यान्ति प्राज्ञा निष्कारणं सखे

English

From truth come giving, and sacrifices with gifts, vows, the fire-offering, the Vedas, and the other determinations of dharma.

अध्याय 12

श्लोक 156.26

अश्वमेध सहस्रं च सत्यं च तुलया धृतम अश्वमेध सहस्राद धि सत्यम एवातिरिच्यते

aśvamedha sahasraṃ ca satyaṃ ca tulayā dhṛtama aśvamedha sahasrāda dhi satyama evātiricyate

हिन्दी अर्थ

शत्रुसाधारणे कृत्ये कृत्वा संधि बलीयसा

English

A thousand horse sacrifices and truth were weighed in the scales; and truth alone outweighed a thousand horse sacrifices."

स्रोत: bhavykhatri/DharmicData · प्राप्त 1/6/2026

शास्त्रीय प्रामाणिकता एवं पारदर्शकताSources & Interpretation

स्रोत, संस्करण एवं व्याख्या वर्गीकरण

धर्म ग्रंथ पर मूल शास्त्र, पारंपरिक भाष्य और आधुनिक व्याख्या को पूर्णतः पृथक रखा जाता है ताकि पाठक को किसी भी व्याख्या के शास्त्र होने का भ्रम न हो।

सामग्री वर्गीकरण संकेत (Epistemic Content Labels)

6 स्तरिय प्रमाण व्यवस्था
मूल पाठOriginal text

अपौरुषेय / प्रामाणिक शास्त्र (Primary Canonical Scripture)

मूल संस्कृत, प्राकृत अथवा अवधी श्लोक/मंत्र। यह सर्वोच्च प्रमाण (प्रस्थान) है। इस पाठ में किसी भी आधुनिक व्याख्याकार का हस्तक्षेप नहीं है।

शाब्दिक अनुवादLiteral translation

पदार्थ व अन्वय (Direct Grammatical & Word-for-Word Meaning)

व्याकरणसम्मत प्रत्यक्ष शब्दार्थ (अन्वय)। बिना किसी दार्शनिक संप्रदाय के पूर्वाग्रह के, संस्कृत शब्दों का सटीक भाषांतर।

पारंपरिक भाष्यTraditional commentary

आचार्य परंपरा व टीका (Classical Lineage Commentary)

प्राचीन आचार्य परंपरा (यथा शंकराचार्य, रामानुजाचार्य, मध्वाचार्य, श्रीधर स्वामी) द्वारा विरचित शास्त्रीय भाष्य व टीकाएं।

सरल व्याख्याSimple explanation

भावार्थ व सुबोध प्रबोधन (Accessible Pedagogical Exposition)

आधुनिक जिज्ञासुओं के लिए सरल भाषा में भावार्थ। यह मूल मंत्र नहीं, बल्कि पाठ को सुगम बनाने हेतु संपादकीय व्याख्या है।

आधुनिक चिंतनModern reflection

समसामयिक विमर्श व अनुप्रयोग (Contemporary Application & Analysis)

दार्शनिक, मनोवैज्ञानिक व वैज्ञानिक समरूपताओं पर आधुनिक चिंतन। यह मूल शास्त्र का अंग नहीं है और इसे शास्त्रोक्त सिद्धांत के रूप में नहीं देखा जाना चाहिए।

शोध टिप्पणीResearch note

पांडुलिपि एवं ऐतिहासिक शोध (Critical Apparatus & Manuscript Research)

पांडुलिपि विविधताएं, पाठ-भेद (variant readings), छंद रचना, और ऐतिहासिक व तुलनात्मक भाषावैज्ञानिक शोध। यह शास्त्र का मूल संदेश बदलने हेतु नहीं, बल्कि पाठ की प्रामाणिकता परखने के लिए है।