Anushasana Parva

हिन्दी अर्थ

जपेच्छतं समायुक्तस्तेन मुच्येत पाप्मना

English

other than those of sacrifices. That Brahmana, O king, who eats on occasions of such rites as are performed in honour of the deities or the Pitris by Brahmanas and Kshatriyas and Vaisyas, without having performed his ablutions, incurs the sin of uttering an untruth for a cow. That Brahmana,

हिन्दी अर्थ

बान्धवोंका तथा क्षत्रियकी सम्पत्तिका नाश कर डालता है सावित्री रैवतीमिष्टिं कृूष्माण्डमघमर्षणम्

English

"Goddess, you approached me, incomparable in beauty on earth, fair-faced, circling me and tempting me, auspicious one.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स गतो हाक्षयाँललोकान् यस्य लोके महद् यश:

English

Wherever that fair-toothed one ran to me, there, goddess, a lovely face of mine appeared.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सवत्सानां कोहलाय गतो लोकाननुत्तमान् युधिष्ठिर गताः स्वर्ग विवर्तन्ते पुनः पुन:

English

Wishing to see her, I by yoga became four-formed, and became four-faced, showing my yoga.

हिन्दी अर्थ

छोड़कर अपने मित्रको प्रसन्नतापूर्वक दान दे (यह कामनामूलक दान है)

English

With the east face I rule as Indra; with the north I delight with you, blameless one.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भीष्मो भागीरथीपुत्र इदं वचनमत्रवीत् युक्त हो गंगापुत्र भीष्मने यह बात कही

English

My west face is gentle and brings happiness to all beings; the south is terrible and fierce and withdraws creatures.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अस्य विष्णो: पुरा राजन् प्रभावो यो मया श्रुत:

English

I am matted-haired and celibate, desiring the good of the worlds; for accomplishing the gods' work, the Pinaka is in my hand.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रुद्राण्या: संशयो यश्न दम्पत्योस्तं च मे शृणु नारद और पर्वत-ये दोनों ऋषि वहाँ पधारे

English

Long ago Indra, desiring glory, hurled his thunderbolt at me; it burned my throat and went, and so I have the name Shrikantha (blue throat)."

हिन्दी अर्थ

देवल: काश्यपश्नैव हस्तिकाश्यप एव च

English

[Uma] "Though you have many splendid vehicles, god, how did the bull become your vehicle?"

हिन्दी अर्थ

रात उपवास करनेसे उसके दोषसे छुटकारा मिलता है अन्नमेतदहोरात्रात् पूतो भवति ब्राह्मण:

English

O king, who eats on occasions of similar rites performed by persons belonging to the three higher orders, at a time when he is impure in consequence either of a birth or a death among his cognates, through temptation, knowing well that he is impure incurs the same sin. l He who lives upon wealth obtained under false pretences like that of sojourns to sacred places or who solicits the giver for wealth pretending that he would spend it in religious acts, incurs, O monarch, the sin of uttering a falsehood. 2 That person, belonging to any of the three higher orders, O Yudhishthira, who at Sraddhas and on other occasions distributes food with the aid of Mantras, unto such Brahmanas as do not study the Vedas and as are not observant of vows, or as have not purified their conduct, certainly incurs sin.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

एक रात बीत जानेपर शुद्ध होता है

English

"Yudhishthira said,— 'I desire, O grandsire, to know by giving unto whom the things dedicated to the deities and the Pitris, one may earn the amplest rewards.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

न संकिरेत् तदन्नं च ततः पू्ेत ब्राह्मण: भोजन त्याग दे। इससे उसकी शुद्धि होती है

English

" Bhishma said,— 'Do thou, Yudhishthira, feed those Brahmanas whose spouses reverently wait for the remnants of the dishes of their husbands like tillers of the soil waiting in reverence for timely showers of rain. One earn great merit by making gifts unto those Brahmanas that are always observant of pure conduct, O king, that are emaciated through abstention from all luxuries and even full meals, that are devoted to the observances of such vows as lead to the emaciation of the body, and that approach givers with the desire of obtaining gifts. By making gifts unto such Brahmanas as regard conduct in this light of food, as regard conduct in the light of spouses and children, as regard conduct in the light of strength, as regard conduct in the light of their refuge for crossing this world and attaining to felicity in the next, and as solicit wealth only when wealth is absolutely needed, one earns great merit. By making gifts unto those persons, O Yudhishthira, that having lost everything through thieves or oppressors, approach the giver, one acquires great merit. 3 By making gifts unto such Brahmanas as solicit food from the hands of even a poor person of their order who has just got something from others, one earns great merit. By making gifts unto such Brahmanas as have lost their all in times of universal distress and as have been deprived of their spouses on such occasions, and as come to givers with solicitations for alms, one acquires great merit. By making gifts unto such Brahmanas as are observant of vows, and as place

हिन्दी अर्थ

यथोक्तानां यदश्नीयुरत्र्यिणा: पूर्वकीर्तिता:

English

voluntarily under painful rules and regulations, as are respectful in their conduct to the declaration laid down in the Vedas, and as come to solicit wealth for spending it upon the rites necessary to complete their vows and other observances, one earns great merit. By making gifts unto such Brahmanas as live at a great distance from the practices that are observed by the sinful and the wicked, as are destitute of strength for want of adequate support, and as are very poor in earthly possessions, one earns great merit.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यथावत् रूपसे भोजन कर सकें स त्रिवेलं समुन्मज्ज्य द्वादशाहेन शुध्यति

English

In a place frightful with hair and bones, crowded with skull-pots, with vultures and jackals, crowded with hundreds of funeral pyres,

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणेभ्यो हविर्दत्त्वा मुच्यते तेन पाप्मना

English

unclean, thick with flesh, a mire of fat and blood, heaped with scattered flesh, resounding with the howls of jackals,

हिन्दी अर्थ

सावित्री रैवतीमिष्टिं कृूष्माण्डमघमर्षणम् सप्त त्रिषवर्णं स्नात्वा पूतो भवति ब्राह्मण:

English

[Maheshvara] "I seek what is pure and wander over the whole earth at night, and nothing here is purer than the cremation ground.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सात दिनोंतक त्रिकाल स्नान करनेसे शुद्ध होता है

English

So of all dwellings my mind delights in the cremation ground, covered with banyan branches, adorned with discarded garlands.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सिद्धिमाप्रोति विपुलामापदं चैव नाप्नुयात् अशौचं विधिवत् तस्य शौचमत्र विधीयते

English

There the hosts of spirits delight me, fair-faced one, and I cannot live, goddess, without the hosts of spirits.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्षत्रियस्य श्रियं हन्ति ब्राह्मणस्य सुवर्चसम्

English

This dwelling is pure to me and is held to be heavenly; it is holy and supreme, resorted to by those who desire purity."

हिन्दी अर्थ

किंस्वित् पृथिव्यां होतन्मे भवान् शंसितुमरहति

English

[Uma] "Blessed one, lord of all beings, best of those who uphold all dharma, Pinaka-bearer, boon-giver, this is a great doubt for me.

हिन्दी अर्थ

लोका हासंशयं प्राप्ता दानपुण्यरतैर्नुपै: उपदिश्य तदा राजन् गतो लोकाननुत्तमान्

English

All this company of sages, lord, says "austerity, austerity"; the austerity-seeker wanders in the world in many forms.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणार्थमुपाकृत्य नाकपृष्ठमितो गत:

English

For the pleasure of this host of sages and me, you should tell me this doubt here, scourge of foes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उपभोग कर रहे हैं अर्घ्य प्रदाय विधिवल्लेभे लोकाननुत्तमान्

English

What is the mark of dharma said to be, and how can men practise it who have not found dharma? Knower of dharma, tell me, lord."

हिन्दी अर्थ

दान करके स्वर्ग-लोकको प्राप्त हुए हैं

English

[Narada] Then the whole company of sages honoured the goddess with words filled with Rik verses and with praises, O best of those who know meaning.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रदाय सकल राष्ट्र सुरलोकमवाप्तवान् देवलोकको प्राप्त हुए

English

[Maheshvara] "Non-harm, truthful speech, compassion for all beings, calm, giving as one is able: the householder's dharma is supreme.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और गौ दान करके उत्तम लोकोंमें गये हैं

English

Not setting the mind on another's wife, protection of deposits and of women, abstaining from taking what is not given, giving up honey and meat.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रम्यांक्षावसथान् दत्त्वा द्विजेभ्यो दिवमागत: अगस्त्याय गतः स्वर्ग सपुत्रपशुबान्धव:

English

This is the fivefold dharma, with many branches and rising in happiness; embodied beings devoted to dharma should accumulate it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पशु और बान्धवोंसहित स्वर्गलोकमें चले गये

English

[Uma] Blessed one, asked about a doubt, explain to me the dharma of the four classes that brings virtue in each class.

हिन्दी अर्थ

लोकोंको प्राप्त किया है, जिन्हें पानेकी मनमें कल्पना भी नहीं हो सकती वसिष्ठो जीवयामास येन यातोक्षयां गतिम्

English

What is the dharma of a brahmin, what that of a kshatriya, what is the mark of dharma in a vaishya, and what in a shudra?

हिन्दी अर्थ

महान् यशकी स्थापना करके अक्षय लोकोंमें चले गये न्यासं यथावत् संनन्‍्यस्थ जगाम सुमहायशा:

English

[Maheshvara] Your doubt is rightly raised, fortunate one. Brahmins, the twice-born, are always the great gods of the earth in the world.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कन्यामांगिरसे दत्त्वा दिवमाशु जगाम सः:

English

Fasting is always the dharma of a brahmin, without doubt; for he is born for dharma and is fit to become one with Brahman.

हिन्दी अर्थ

करके शीघ्र ही स्वर्गलोकमें स्थान प्राप्त कर लिया निर्धि शड्खमनुज्ञाप्प जगाम परमां गतिम्

English

For him, goddess, the rites of dharma, the practice of vows, and also the initiation properly belong to the twice-born.

हिन्दी अर्थ

करके परम गति प्राप्त कर ली थी

English

The practice of study, for the worship of teachers and gods, is the source of dharma and should be practised by embodied beings devoted to dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मदयमन्तीं प्रियां भार्यां दत्त्वा च त्रिदिवं गत: स्वर्गलोकमें चले गये

English

[Uma] Blessed one, I have a doubt on this; explain it to me. Tell skilfully the dharma of the four classes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दण्डमुद्धृत्य धर्मेण गतो लोकाननुत्तमान्

English

[Maheshvara] Hearing secrets, keeping the Vedic vows, practising vows as supreme dharma, and pleasing the teacher's feet are dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणार्थे परित्यज्य गतो लोकाननुच्तमान् सुवर्णमय गृह दान देकर स्वर्ग प्राप्त किया है

English

Begging is supreme dharma, constant fasting is dharma, constant study is dharma, and so is the student's stage of life.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शाण्डिल्याय पुरा दत्त्वा सुमन्युर्दिवमास्थित:

English

Permitted by the teacher, the twice-born should return home, and then take a wife suitable, by rule.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हिरण्यहस्ताय गतो लोकान् देवैरधिष्ठितान् ऋष्यश्ज्भाय विपुलै: सर्वे: कामैरयुज्यत

English

Avoiding a shudra's food is dharma, as is following the path of the good; constant fasting and celibacy are dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

गतोक्षयानतो लोकानू् राजर्षिश्ष भगीरथ:

English

The householder who keeps the fire, studies, offers oblations, controls his senses, eats what is left, eats moderately, is truthful and pure,

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वर्गलोकको जाते और पुनः वहाँसे इस लोकमें लौट आते हैं

English

devotion to guests is dharma, keeping the three fires is dharma; he should duly perform the Ishtis and animal rites.

हिन्दी अर्थ

गृहस्थैर्दानतपसा यैलोंका वै विनिर्जिता: दानयज्ञप्रजासगैरेते हि दिवमास्थिता:

English

Sacrifice is supreme dharma, and so is non-harm toward embodied beings; eating no unprecedented food is dharma, and eating what is left.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दानयज्ञक्रियायुक्ता बुद्धिर्धमोपचायिनी

English

Eating after the household has eaten is called dharma, for a brahmin householder, especially a learned one.

हिन्दी अर्थ

संलग्न हो धर्मकी उन्नति करती रहे श्वः प्रभाते हि वक्ष्यामि संध्या हि समुपस्थिता

English

Similarity of character in the couple is the dharma of householders; and the daily offering of flowers and food to the household gods.

हिन्दी अर्थ

समय संध्याकाल उपस्थित है

English

Daily smearing and daily fasting are dharma, and a house well swept and plastered, with smoke rising from ghee.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आपके मुखसे सुना है दानके कितने भेद हैं? और जो दान दिया जाता है, उसका क्या फल मिलता है?

English

This is the householder's dharma among the twice-born, which upholds the world, and it goes on always among the good twice-born.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कै: कारणै: कतिविध॑ श्रोतुमिच्छामि तत्त्वतः

English

As for the dharma you asked about, goddess, concerning the kshatriya, I shall tell you that; hear it from me attentively.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यथा दान प्रदातव्यं सर्ववर्णेषु भारत दानं पठ्चविध॑ ज्ञेयं कारणैर्यर्निबोध तत्

English

The kshatriya's dharma is held to be above all protecting subjects; a king who enjoys the fruit prescribed is joined with dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इति दान प्रदातव्यं ब्राह्मणेभ्योडनसूयता

English

The king who protects subjects with dharma has worlds won by dharma, accumulated by protecting subjects.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इत्यर्थिभ्यो निशम्यैव सर्व दातव्यमर्थिने इति दद्याद् भयादेव दृढं मूढाय पण्डित:

English

There the king's supreme dharma is self-control and study, tending the fire, giving and learning.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इति दद्याद् दरिद्राय कारुण्यादिति सर्वथा यथाशकत्या प्रदातव्यमेवमाह प्रजापति:

English

Supporting dependants is dharma, and not leaving a task done in vain.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चाहिए। ऐसा प्रजापतिका कथन है

English

Standing in right punishment is dharma, Vedic sacrifices are dharma, standing in lawful dealing is dharma, and delight in truthful speech.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आगमैर्बहुभि: स्फीतो भवान् न: प्रवरे कुले विद्वान और अनेक आगमोंके ज्ञानसे सम्पन्न हैं

English

A king who extends a hand to the distressed is honoured after death and here. One who fights for cows and brahmins and dies in battle wins the worlds won by the Ashvamedha, in the abode of heaven.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आश्चर्यभूतं लोकस्य श्रोतुमिच्छाम्यरिंदम

English

For a vaishya the dharma is always herding and farming, tending the fire, giving and learning.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अर्थसे युक्त, भविष्यमें सुख देनेवाला और संसारके लिये अद्भुत हो शास्ता च न हि नः वक्चित् त्वामृते पुरुषर्षभ

English

Trade, standing on the good path, hospitality, calm and self-control, welcoming brahmins, and giving are the eternal dharma of a vaishya.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आपके सिवा दूसरा कोई समस्त धर्मोका उपदेश करनेवाला नहीं है

English

He should never sell sesame, perfumes or juices; a vaishya who keeps the merchant's road stays on the good path.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वक्तुमहसि नः प्रश्न॑ यत् त्वां पृच्छामि पार्थिव पूछता हूँ, उसका हम सब लोगोंके लिये उत्तर दीजिये

English

Hospitality to all, as one is able and as is fitting, is the dharma of the three; the supreme dharma of a shudra is always service to the twice-born.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भवन्तं बहुमानेन प्रश्रयेण च सेवते

English

A shudra of sharpened austerity, true to his word and master of his senses, serving a guest who has come, stores up great austerity.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विनयके साथ आपकी सेवा करते हैं भ्रातृणां च प्रियार्थ मे स्‍्नेहादू भाषितुमहसि

English

Giving up harm, of good conduct, honouring gods and the twice-born, a wise shudra may be joined with the desired fruits of dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

लिये इस पूछे हुए विषयका सस्नेह वर्णन कीजिये

English

All this has been told to you, auspicious one, of the four classes, each in its own way; what else do you wish to hear?