Anushasana Parva

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्य पुन्रैहि मे कृत्स्नो ब्रह्मन् वंश: प्रणाशित:

English

Sankara. The Valikhilyas were on a former occasion disregarded by Maghavat. Filled with wrath at this, they gratified the illustrious Rudra. That lord of the universe, that foremost one of all the deities, thus gratified by the Valikhilyas, said unto them,— Ye shall succeed by your penances in creating a bird that will rob Indra of the Amrita. Through the wrath of Mahadeva on a former occasion, all the waters disappeared. The deities gratified him by performing a sacrifice called Saptakapala, and caused, through his grace, other waters to flow into the worlds. Verily, when the three-eyed deity became gratified, water once more appeared in the world. The wife of Atri, who was conversant with the Vedas, abandoned her husband in a huff and said,— I shall no longer live in subjection to that ascetic— Having said these words, she sought the protection of Mahadeva. Through fear of her lord, Atri, passed three hundred years, abstaining from all food. And all this time she slept on wooden clubs for the purpose of gratifying Bhava. The great deity then appeared unto her and then smilingly addressed her, saying— Thou shalt obtain a son. And thou shalt get that son without the need of a husband, simply through the grace of Rudra. Without doubt that son, born in the race of his father, shall become celebrated for his worth, and assume a name after thee. The illustrious Vikarna also, O slayer of Madhu, full of devotion to Mahadeva, gratified him with severe penances and obtained high and happy success. Sakalya, too, of restrained soul, adored Bhava in a mental sacrifice that he performed for nine hundred years, O Kesava. Gratified with him the illustrious deity said unto him,— Thou shalt become a great author. O son, inexhaustible shall thy fame be in the three worlds. Thy race also shall never come to an end and shall be adorned by many great Rishis that shall take birth in it. Thy son will become the foremost of Brahmanas and will make the Sutras of thy work. There was a celebrated Rishi of the name of Savarni in the Krita age. Here, in this asylum, he underwent severe penances for six thousand years. The illustrious Rudra said,— I am gratified with thee, O sinless one! Without being subject to decrepitude or death, thou shalt become an author celebrated through all the worlds!— In days of yore, Sakra, also, in Baranasi, filled with devotion, O Janarddana, adored Mahadeva who has empty space alone

हिन्दी अर्थ

स ब्रह्मचारी विप्रर्षि: श्रीमान् गृत्समदो5भवत्

English

[Yudhishthira said:] I have a certain doubt; tell it to me, grandfather. In this painful calamity whom else should we ask?

हिन्दी अर्थ

नारदस्य च संवाद वासुदेवस्य चोभयो:

English

As a man must act and what is eternal dharma, all this you ought to explain, mighty-armed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सत्यं धर्म क्षितिं गाश्न तान्ू नमस्यामि यादव

English

Four wives are ordained for a brahmana, grandfather: brahmin, kshatriya, vaishya and shudra, if he wishes pleasure.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कपोततवृत्तयो नित्यं तान् नमस्यामि यादव

English

Among sons born there of all of them, best of the Kurus, in order, which of them deserves the paternal inheritance?

हिन्दी अर्थ

भवन्ति ये दानरता दुर्गाण्यतितरन्ति ते

English

By whom and what should be taken from the father's wealth, grandfather? I wish to hear told the division among them that is remembered.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अन्नका भोजन करते हैं वे भी दुर्गम संकटसे पार हो जाते हैं

English

[Bhishma said:] Brahmana, kshatriya and vaishya are the three twice-born classes; among these dharma is ordained for the brahmana, Yudhishthira.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राप्ता: सोमाहुतिं चैव दुर्गाण्यतितरन्ति ते

English

By accident or greed or desire, scorcher of foes, a shudra woman may be for a brahmana, but is not remembered as an example.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यथा त्वं वृष्णिशार्टूलेत्युक्त्वैवे विरराम सः

English

A brahmana, placing a shudra woman on his bed, becomes afflicted, and an expiation is made by the rule seen.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतस्य वीर्यदृप्तस्य हतं पुत्रशतं मया

English

for his garments and who is smeared with ashes as an agreeable unguent. Having adored Mahadeva thus, he obtained the sovereignty of the celestials. Narada also, in days of yore, adored the great Bhava with devotion of heart. Gratified with him, Mahadeva, that preceptor of the celestial preceptor, said these words.— No one shall be thy equal in energy and penances. Thou shalt always attend upon me with thy songs and instrumental music. Hear also, O Madhava, how in former times I succeeded in obtaining a sight of that god of gods, that Master of all creatures, O Lord. Hear also in detail for what object, O thou of great puissance. I invoked with restrained senses and mind that illustrious deity endued with supreme energy. I shall, O sinless one, tell thee with full details all that I succeeded in obtaining from that god of gods, viz., Maheswara. In ancient times, viz., Krita age, O son, there was a Rishi of great fame, named Vyaghrapada. He was celebrated for his knowledge and mastery over the Vedas and their branches. I was born as the son of that Rishi and Dhaumya took birth as my younger brother. On a certain occasion, Madhava, accompanied by Dhaumya, I came upon the asylum of certain Rishis of cleansed souls. There I beheld a cow that was being milked. I saw the milk and it appeared to me to resemble Amrita itself in taste. I then came home, and impelled by childishness, I addressed my mother and said,— Give me some food prepared with milk.— There was no milk in the house, and accordingly my mother was much grieved at my asking for it. My mother took a piece of (rice) cake and boiled it in water, Madhava. The

हिन्दी अर्थ

तमुवाच कृपाविष्टो भृगुर्थर्मभूतां वर:

English

The marked bull, the vehicle, whatever is the chief, the son of the brahmin wife should take as one portion from the father's wealth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतत् तु वचन श्रुत्वा भगोस्तथ्यं प्रतर्दन:

English

The rest of the brahmin's property is to be made tenfold, Yudhishthira; of that, four shares are to be taken by him from the father's wealth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एवमप्यस्मि भगवन् कृतकृत्यो न संशय:

English

The son of the kshatriya woman is also a brahmana, without doubt; by his mother's distinction he deserves to take three shares.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अनुजानीहि मां ब्रह्मन् ध्यायस्व च शिवेन माम्

English

Born in the third class, of the vaishya woman, from a brahmana, he is to take two shares from the brahmin's property, Yudhishthira.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततस्तेनाभ्यनुज्ञातो ययौ राजा प्रतर्दन:

English

One born of a shudra woman from a brahmana is remembered as one to whom wealth is to be given always; a little is to be given to a shudra woman's son, Bharata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रकार क्रोध छोड़कर जैसे आया था वैसे लौट गया

English

This is the order of wealth divided tenfold; among those born of women of the same class, equal shares should be made.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भूगोर्वचनमात्रेण स च ब्रह्मर्षितां गत:

English

They consider the shudra woman's son not a brahmana, from lack of skill; but one born in the three classes from a brahmana becomes a brahmana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्य गृत्समद: पुत्रो रूपेणेन्द्र इवापर:

English

Four classes are remembered; a fifth is not found; the shudra woman's son should take a tenth part of his father's wealth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऋग्वेदे वर्तते चाग्रया श्रुतिर्यस्थ महात्मन:

English

What has been given by the father he may take; he cannot take what is not given; wealth must be given to a shudra woman's son, Bharata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वर्चा: सुचेतस: पुत्रो विहव्यस्तस्य चात्मज:

English

"Non-cruelty is the highest dharma": it is given to him for that; wherever he is born, he is seen for his qualities.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वितत्यस्य सुतः सत्य: संतः सत्यस्य चात्मज:

English

Even if he has one son, or none, he should not take more than a tenth for a shudra woman's son, Bharata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रकाशस्य च वागिन्द्रो बभूव जयतां वर:

English

When a twice-born has more than three years' food, he should sacrifice with that wealth; he should not increase wealth in vain.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुत्र विजयशीलोंमें श्रेष्ठ वागिन्द्र था

English

A woman should be given wealth of three thousand as an inheritance; and what wealth was given by her husband, she may enjoy; she may not enjoy what was not given.

हिन्दी अर्थ

घृताच्यां तस्य पुत्रस्तु रुरुर्नामोदपद्यत

English

For women the husband's inheritance is remembered as for enjoyment only; women should not in any way take away from the husband's wealth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शुनको नाम विदप्रर्षियस्य पुत्रो5थ शौनक:

English

What a woman has as wealth given by her father, Yudhishthira, the daughter of the brahmin wife should take; she is like a son, for she is ordained equal to a son, descendant of the Kurus.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भृगो: प्रसादादू राजेन्द्र क्षत्रिय: क्षत्रियर्षभ

English

Thus this has been set out in the laws, bull of the Bharatas; remembering this dharma, one should not increase wealth in vain.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विस्तरेण महाराज किमन्यदनुपृच्छसि

English

[Yudhishthira said:] If the son born of a brahmana by a shudra woman is remembered as one not to be given wealth, by what distinction is a tenth given to him?

हिन्दी अर्थ

विस्तरेण तदाचक्ष्व न हि तृप्पामि कथ्यत:

English

One born of a brahmin woman from a brahmana is a brahmana, without doubt; so too of a kshatriya woman, and of a vaishya woman.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यह विस्तार-पूर्वक बताइये। आपकी बातें सुनते-सुनते मुझे तृप्ति नहीं होती है

English

Why then would they take unequal shares, best of kings, when you have said that all the three classes are brahmanas?

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्रीकृष्णके संवादरूप इस इतिहासका उदाहरण दिया करते हैं

English

[Bhishma said:] In the world "wives" is said by one name, scorcher of foes; and by one name said, there is a great difference.

हिन्दी अर्थ

केशव: परिपप्रच्छ भगवन् कान् नमस्यसि

English

Having first taken three wives, if afterward he finds a brahmin woman, she is the senior and is to be honoured, and she is more important than they.

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्वत्तोडन्य: कः पुमॉल्लोके श्रोतुमेतदिहाहति

English

The husband's bathing, adornment, tooth-cleaning, eye-ointment, and whatever offering for gods and ancestors or dharmic act is in the house,

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुननेके लिये इस संसारमें आपसे बढ़कर दूसरा कौन पुरुष अधिकारी है?

English

while she stays, no other may do it; the brahmin wife alone should do it for the brahmana, Yudhishthira.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्थाणुं स्कन्द॑ तथा लक्ष्मी विष्णु ब्रह्माणमेव च

English

Food, drink, garlands, garments and ornaments are to be given to the brahmin wife; she is more important than the husband.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सततं ये नमस्यन्ति तान् नमस्याम्यहं विभो

English

In the treatise stated by Manu too, descendant of the Kurus, great king, this eternal dharma is seen.

हिन्दी अर्थ

महाहनि् वृष्णिशार्दूल सदा सम्पूजयाम्यहम्

English

But if he does otherwise, Yudhishthira, out of desire, then he is, as before seen, a brahmana-Chandala.

हिन्दी अर्थ

लेनेवाले हैं, उन परम पूजनीय पुरुषोंकी ही मैं सदा पूजा करता रहता हूँ

English

A son equal to the brahmin wife's and one born of the kshatriya wife, king, have no distinction here between the two classes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

संतुष्ट श्च क्षमायुक्तास्तान् नमस्याम्यहं विभो

English

But in the world a kshatriya woman is never equal in birth to a brahmin woman; the brahmin wife's first son should be greater, best of kings; the greater too takes more from the father's wealth, Yudhishthira.

हिन्दी अर्थ

संतुष्ट रहते और क्षमाशील होते हैं, उनको मैं प्रणाम करता हूँ

English

As a kshatriya woman is never equal to a brahmin woman, so a vaishya woman is never equal to a kshatriya woman.

हिन्दी अर्थ

असंचया: क्रियावन्तस्तान् नमस्यामि यादव

English

Prosperity, kingdom and treasury are seen ordained for kshatriyas, Yudhishthira, and the earth to the ocean's edge.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भुज्जते देवशेषाणि तान् नमस्यामि यादव

English

A kshatriya by his own dharma gains greater prosperity; a king is the bearer of the rod; protection is from none but a kshatriya.

हिन्दी अर्थ

याजनाध्यापने युक्ता नित्यं तान् पूजयाम्यहम्

English

Brahmanas are greatly fortunate, gods even of the gods; towards them a king should behave with honour by rule.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आपूृष्ठतापात् स्वाध्याये युक्तास्तान् पूजयाम्पहम्

English

Knowing the eternal, imperishable dharma set forth by sages, a kshatriya protects the people, who are being lost to their own dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वाध्यायमें संलग्न रहते हैं, उनका मैं पूजन करता हूँ

English

When wealth and wives are being carried off by robbers on all sides, the king is the saviour of all classes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शुश्रूषवो5नसूयन्तस्तान् नमस्यामि यादव

English

The kshatriya woman's son should be greater than the vaishya woman's son, without doubt; he should take more from his father's wealth, Yudhishthira.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वोढारो हव्यकव्यानां तान् नमस्यामि यादव

English

[Yudhishthira said:] Grandfather, you have told rightly, king, of the brahmana's property; how would the regulation be for the other classes?

हिन्दी अर्थ

कव्यको नियमित-रूपसे चलानेवाले ब्राह्मण हैं उनको मैं मस्तक झुकाता हूँ

English

[Bhishma said:] For a kshatriya too two wives are ordained, descendant of the Kurus, and a third may be a shudra, but not as an example.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निः:सुखा निर्धना ये तु तान् नमस्यामि यादव

English

This is the order for kshatriyas, Yudhishthira; a kshatriya's property should be made eightfold, Yudhishthira.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ये वेदं प्राप्य दुर्धर्षा वाग्मिनो ब्रह्मवादिन:

English

The son of the kshatriya wife should take four shares of the father's wealth; and what is the father's war spoil, he may take it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शिष्टाचारप्रवृत्ताश्न॒ तान् नमस्याम्यहं सदा

English

The vaishya wife's son gets three shares, and the shudra wife's son the eighth; he too may take what the father gave, and cannot take what is not given.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अलोलुपा: पुण्यशीलास्तान् नमस्यामि केशव

English

A vaishya has only one wife, descendant of the Kurus, or a second may be a shudra, but not as an example.

हिन्दी अर्थ

व्रतैश्न विविधैर्युक्तास्तान्ू नमस्यामि माधव

English

For a vaishya living with a vaishya wife and a shudra wife, bull of the Bharatas, the regulation between them is remembered.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वभूतात्मयोनींश्व॒ तान् नमस्याम्यहं सदा

English

A vaishya's property should be made fivefold, bull of the Bharatas; I shall tell the division among their offspring, lord of men.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कारण माननेवाले हैं उनकी मैं सदा वन्दना करता हूँ

English

Four shares of the father's wealth are to be taken by the vaishya wife's son, and the fifth share, Bharata, for the shudra wife's son.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पूजिता: पूजनार्हा हि सुखं दास्यन्ति तेडनघ

English

He too may take what the father gave and cannot take what is not given; one born of the three classes of a shudra is one to be given wealth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मण पूजित होनेपर आपको अपने आशीर्वादसे सुख प्रदान करेंगे

English

A shudra should have only a wife of his own class, never another; a shudra's share should be equal even if he has a hundred sons.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चरन्ते मान्यमाना वै प्रदास्यन्ति सुखं तव

English

Among sons born of wives of the same class, without distinction, equal shares in wealth are remembered for all classes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नित्यं सत्ये चाभिरता दुर्गाण्यतितरन्ति ते

English

The eldest's share is the eldest, one portion of the chief; this rule of inheritance, Partha, was told before by the Self-born.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नित्यस्वाध्यायिनो ये च दुर्गाण्यतितरन्ति ते

English

Among those born of wives of the same class there is no other distinction, king; the earlier one is distinguished by the earlier marriage.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तपसा भावितात्मानो दुर्गाण्यतितरन्ति ते

English

The eldest should take the one chief portion, and be equal among sons also; the middle takes the middle, and the youngest the youngest.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शिष्टान्नभोजिनो ये च दुर्गाण्यतितरन्ति ते

English

Thus among all the classes the same-class ones gain excellence; the great sage Marichi's son Kashyapa also said this.