Anushasana Parva

हिन्दी अर्थ

लाभेषु विषमाश्चैव ते वै निरयगामिन:

English

himself to universal Renunciation or Sanyasa, without, however, the lingam or marks of that vow.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उत्सन्नपितृदेवेज्यास्ते वै निरयगामिन:

English

himself to universal Renunciation or Sanyasa, without, however, the lingam or marks of that vow.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अदत्त्वा भक्षयन्त्यग्रे ते वै निरयगामिन:

English

[Bhishma said:] This is the most important duty, Bharata, of a consecrated king: the practice for brahmanas; one wishing the utmost happiness should always honour learned old brahmanas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कुट॒म्बानां च दातार: पुरुषा: स्वर्गगामिन:

English

He should also honour townspeople, countryfolk and learned brahmanas with conciliation, gifts of enjoyment and salutations.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वृद्धिमें सहायक होते हैं, वे पुरुष स्वर्गलोकमें जाते हैं

English

He should mark this as the king's most important duty always: as he protects himself and his sons, so he should protect them.

हिन्दी अर्थ

४ 48 सस्नेहास्ते नरा: स्वर्गगामिन:

English

And those among them who are most worthy of honour he should honour firmly; when they are at peace, that whole kingdom shines.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वर्गलोकमें जाते हैं

English

They are to be honoured, to be saluted, to be protected like ancestors; the world's course depends on them as beings on Vasava.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ये वै जितेन्द्रिया धीरास्ते नरा: स्वर्गगामिन:

English

By magic and means they might burn with their splendour; angry, fierce and truly valiant, they might leave nothing.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धीर पुरुष स्वर्गगामी होते हैं

English

I do not see an end to them nor open directions; angry, they look about like tongues of fire in forest fires.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दातारो वाससां चैव ते नरा: स्वर्गगामिन:

English

Their bold qualities are great, like wells covered with grass, pure, like another sky.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राणिहिंसाप्रवृत्ता श्व ते वै निरयगामिन:

English

helped. A Kulapati is an ascetic that owns ten thousand ascetics for his disciples, Kanwa, the foster- father of Sakuntala, was a Kulapati.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्षीरविक्रयिकाश्वैव ते वै निरयगामिन:

English

or Pitri rites. Those Brahmanas that violate this injunction fall away from their superior position. They are condemned as Sudra-yajins. Here the Rishi, by only giving directions to the Sudra as to how the Pitri rites were to be performed, became a Sudra-yajin. There are many families to this day whose status has been lowered in consequence of such or similar acts of indiscretion on the part of their ancestors.

हिन्दी अर्थ

येडन्तरं यान्ति कार्येषु ते वै निरयगामिन:

English

Atharva Veda Veda cha implies that the Atharvans were not generally included under the term Veda by which the first three Vedas only were meant.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शल्यानां धनुषां चैव ते वै निरयगामिन:

English

made to him, and he utters benedictions in return upon the giver. Yudhishthira used to invite every day a large number of Brahmanas and make them very valuable presents for obtaining their benedictions.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ये मार्गमनुरुन्धन्ति ते वै निरयगामिन:

English

Brahmanas, O lord of men, are the greatly fortunate priests of ancestors, gods, men, serpents and rakshasas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ये त्यजन्त्यविकारांस्त्रींस्ते वै निरयगामिन:

English

The twice-born cannot be conquered by gods, ancestors, gandharvas, rakshasas, asuras or pishachas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बन्धकाश्व पशूनां ये ते वै निरयगामिन:

English

They could make the non-divine divine and the divine non-divine; the one they favour becomes king, the one they hate is defeated.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नरकगामी होते हैं

English

Those fools who slander brahmanas, skilled in blame and praise, causing fame and infamy, high and low, king, make the twice-born constantly hate.

हिन्दी अर्थ

समर्थाक्षाप्पदातारस्ते वै निरयगामिन:

English

The man whom brahmanas praise prospers; he whom brahmanas revile is defeated in an instant.

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्यजन्ति कृतकृत्या ये ते वै निरयगामिन:

English

The Shakas, Yavanas and Kambojas, those and those kshatriya peoples, have become shudras by not seeing brahmanas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भागिन: स्वर्गलोकस्य वक्ष्यामि भरतर्षभ

English

The Dravidas, Kalingas, Pulindas, Ushinaras, Kaulas, Sarpas and Mahishakas, those and those kshatriya peoples,

हिन्दी अर्थ

हन्ति पुत्रान् पशून् कृत्स्नान् ब्राह्मणातिक्रम: कृत:

English

have become shudras by not seeing brahmanas. Defeat is better than victory over them, best of the victorious.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ये प्रतिग्रहनि:स्नेहास्ते नरा: स्वर्गगामिन:

English

He who would kill all this, and he who kills a brahmana, are not equal; the great sages say the killing of a brahmana is a great fault.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वे लोग स्वर्गगामी होते हैं

English

Slander of the twice-born must never be heard; one should sit with face down, silent, or rise and go.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मड्ुलाचारसम्पन्ना: पुरुषा: स्वर्गगामिन:

English

No one has been born or will be born on earth here who can live happily in opposition to brahmanas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

देशानां नगराणां च ते नरा: स्वर्गगामिन:

English

The wind is hard to hold in a fist, the moon hard to touch by hand, the earth hard to bear on the head; brahmanas are hard to conquer on earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वयमुत्पाद्य दातार: पुरुषा: स्वर्गगामिन:

English

vows that one seeks to perform.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वृत्तिं हरति दुर्बुद्धिस्तं विद्याद् ब्रह्मघातिनम्

English

With enjoyments, ornaments and whatever else they wish, they are always to be honoured, saluted and protected by kings like ancestors; thence comes peace for the kingdom, as for beings from Vasava.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पप्रच्छाज्ञिरसं धीर॑ गौतम: संशितव्रत:

English

Let there be born in the kingdom a pure brahmana of Brahmic splendour, and a great-chariot kshatriya, scorcher of enemies, is to be sought.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तत् सर्व श्रोतुमिच्छामि तन्मे शंस महामुने

English

A brahmana of good birth, knower of dharma and of sharp vows, should be settled in one's house, king; there is nothing higher than that.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुनना चाहता हूँ। आप कृपया मुझे बताइये

English

The gods accept the offering given to brahmanas; ancestors and all beings; there is nothing higher than them.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रेत्पयभावे महाप्राज्ञ तद् यथास्ति तथा वद

English

The sun, moon, wind, earth, water, sky and directions all, entering a brahmana, always eat food.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विगाहा वै निराहारो निर्मलो मुनिवद् भवेत्

English

The ancestors do not eat of him whose brahmanas do not eat, and the gods too do not eat of the sinner, hater of brahmanas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ता नदी: सिन्धुमासाद्य शीलवान् स्वर्गमाप्तुयात्

English

When brahmanas are pleased, the ancestors and likewise the gods are always pleased, king; there is no need to hesitate over this.

हिन्दी अर्थ

देविकामिन्द्रमार्ग च स्वर्णबिन्दुं विगाह्ू च

English

So too those whose offering it is are pleased; they do not perish after death but go to the highest goal.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सानुक्रोशा जितक्रोधा: पुरुषा: स्वर्गगामिन:

English

With whatever offering a man would satisfy brahmanas, with that same the ancestors and gods are pleased.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दानधर्म च दानस्य यत् पूर्वमृषिभि: कृतम्

English

From a brahmana is that being, from whom creatures arise, from whom he arises, and after death where he goes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कि ब्राह्मणकी हिंसा न करनेपर भी मनुष्यको ब्रह्महत्याका पाप कैसे लगता है?

English

He knows the way to heaven and to hell, and both the coming and not coming; a brahmana, best of the two-footed, bull of the Bharatas, knows his dharma by wisdom.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तत्ते5हं सम्प्रवक्ष्यामि तदिहैकमना: शृणु

English

Those who follow him do not meet defeat; they do not perish after death but go and do not meet defeat.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यहाँ एकाग्रचित्त होकर सुनो

English

Those who take up the word that has come from a brahmana's mouth, practised and great-souled, do not meet defeat.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अहिंसयित्वा केनेह ब्रह्महत्या विधीयते

English

For kshatriyas who blaze with splendour and strength, splendours and strengths are appeased in brahmanas alone.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रह्महत्याका पाप लगता है?”

English

The Bhrigus conquered the Talajanghas, the Angirases the Nipas, Bharadvaja the Vitahavyas and the Ailas, bull of the Bharatas,

हिन्दी अर्थ

अब्रवीन्निपुणो धर्मे नि:संशयमनुत्तमम्

English

and they conquered the Chitrayudhas too, these with black antelope skins for banners; having thrown away the pots, one may begin as one who crosses over.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रूयान्नास्तीति यः पश्चात्तं विद्याद् ब्रह्मघातिनम्

English

Whatever is said, heard or seen in the world is all hidden in brahmanas alone, like fire in wood.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बुलाकर जो पीछे देनेसे इनकार कर देता है, उसे ब्रह्महत्यारा समझो

English

On this too they recite this ancient Itihasa, a conversation of Vasudeva and the Earth, bull of the Bharatas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

छीन लेता है, उसे भी ब्रह्महत्यारा ही समझना चाहिए

English

[Vasudeva said:] Mother of all beings, I ask you a doubt, auspicious one: by what deed does a householder wash away sin?

हिन्दी अर्थ

उत्पादयति यो विषध्नं त॑ विद्याद् ब्रह्मघातिनम्

English

[The Earth said:] "He should serve brahmanas only; for this is the highest purifier; serving brahmanas, all stain perishes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दूषयत्यनभिज्ञाय तं॑ विद्याद् ब्रह्मघातिनम्

English

From this comes prosperity, from this fame, from this understanding is born, for others and others, and those beyond.

हिन्दी अर्थ

समझे-बूझे दोषारोपण करता है, उसको भी ब्रह्मघाती ही समझो

English

The man whom brahmanas praise prospers; he who is reviled by brahmanas is soon defeated.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न प्रयच्छति य: कन्यां त॑ विद्याद् ब्रद्मघातिनम्

English

As a lump of clay thrown into the great ocean perishes, so bad conduct leads to defeat.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दद्यान्मर्मातिगं शोकं त॑ विद्याद् ब्रद्मघातिनम्

English

See the mark placed on the moon and the salt water in the sea; and Mahendra is marked with a thousand marks.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हरेत यो वै सर्वस्वं त॑ विद्याद् ब्रह्मघातिनम्

English

By their very power that one became thousand-eyed, Shatakratu; see, Madhava, what kind.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वक्तुमहसि मे तानि श्रोतास्मि नियतं प्रभो

English

Wishing prosperity, fame and worlds, Madhusudana, a man, pure and self-possessed, should abide by the approval of brahmanas."

हिन्दी अर्थ

आप उन्हें बतलानेकी कृपा करें

English

Hearing this speech of the Earth, Madhusudana said "Well, well," and honoured the Earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्रोतुमर्हसि भद्रं ते प्राप्स्यसे धर्ममुत्तमम्

English

Hearing this comparison, Partha, you should always honour the best of brahmanas, restrained; then you will gain the good.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हिरण्यबिन्दुं विक्षोभ्य प्रयतश्नाभिवाद्य च

English

" Yudhishthira said, 'Tell me, O grandsire, in what kind of man or woman, O chief of the Bharatas, does the goddess of prosperity always reside?'

हिन्दी अर्थ

देवेषु लभते कीर्ति यशसा च विराजते

English

[Bhishma said:] Brahmanas, dear one, are all our friends; honoured, with pleased faces, they bless us with auspicious words.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रह्मचारी जितक्रोधस्त्रिसत्रं मुच्यते भवात्

English

Brahmanas, dear one, with anger arisen, would strike all our enemies with harsh words if they were not honoured.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तोषयित्वा महादेवं निर्मला: स्वर्गमाप्तुयात्

English

Here the verses sung by Brahma are recited by the knowers of old; the creator, having created the twice-born, placed them as before:

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्रसानां स्थावराणां च द्विपदानां भयं त्यजेत्

English

"You have nothing else to do here higher by rule; guarded, guard Brahman; thereby your good is lovely.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राणियों तथा मनुष्योंसे प्राप्त होनेवाले भयको त्याग देता है

English

Doing only your own work, Brahmic fortune will be yours; you will become the standard of all beings and gain leadership.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अपां प्रपतनासेवी सेव्यते सो5प्सरोगणै:

English

A wise brahmana should not do the work of a shudra, for doing a shudra's work obstructs dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विगाहा वै निराहारो राजलक्ष्म्या निषेव्यते

English

Shri, understanding, splendour and glorious power you will gain by study alone, spotless greatness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उपवास करता है वह पुरुष राजलक्ष्मीसे सेवित होता है

English

Having offered at the Ahavaniya fire, established in great fortune, first eaters of the produce, arranged by Brahmic prosperity."

हिन्दी अर्थ

इन्द्रतोयां समासाद्य गन्धमादनसंनिधौ

English

"Bhishma said, 'I shall, in this connection, narrate to thee what occurred and what I have heard. Once on a time, beholding the goddess of prosperity blazing with beauty and endued with the complexion of the lotus, the princess Rukmini the mother of Pradyumna that bore the device of the Makara on his banner, filled with curiosity, asked this question in the presence of Devaki's son. Who are those beings by whose side thou stayest and whom thou favours? Who again, are those whom thou dost not bless with favour. O thou that art dear unto Him that is the lord of all creatures, tell me this truly, O thou that art equal to a great Rishi in penances and puissance. Thus addressed by the princess, the goddess of prosperity, with a face as beautiful as the moon, and moved by grace, in the presence of him who has Garuda on his banner, said these words in reply that were sweet and charming.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

अश्वमेधमवाप्रोति विगाहा प्रयत: शुचि:

English

"Sree said, 'O blessed lady, I always reside with him that is eloquent,

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा कनखले स्नात्वा धूतपाप्मा दिवं व्रजेत्

English

active, attentive to business, free from wrath, given to the worship of the deities, endued with gratitude, has his passions under complete control, and is high-minded in everything. I never reside with one that is inattentive to business, that is an unbeliever, that causes an intermixture of races in consequence of his lustfulness, that is ungrateful, that is of impure practices, that uses harsh and cruel words, that is a thief, that cherishes malice towards his preceptors and other seniors, those persons that are endued with little energy, strength, life, and honour, that are distressed at every trifle, and that always indulge in wrath. I never reside with these that think in one strain and act in a different one. 1 1 never reside also with him who never desires any acquisition for himself, of him who is so blinded as to rest content with the lot in which he finds himself without any exertion or with those that are contented with small acquisitions. I reside with those that are observant of the duties of their own order, or those that are conversant with the duties of righteousness, or those that are devoted to the service of the aged or those that have their passions under control, or those that are endued with cleansed souls or those that observe the virtue of forgiveness, or those that are able and prompt in action, or with such women as are forgiving and self- restrained. I reside with those women also that are devoted to truth and sincerity and that worship the deities. I do not reside with those women also that do not attend to household furniture and provisions scattered all around the house, and that always utter words contrary to the wishes of their husbands. I always avoid those women that are fond of the houses of other people and that have no modesty. On the other hand, I reside with those women that are devoted to their husbands, that are blessed in behaviour, and that are always decked in ornaments and attired in good robes. I always reside with those women

हिन्दी अर्थ

हुआ मनुष्य स्वर्गलोकको जाता है

English

I think their strength is greater, as for a king with austerity; they are hard to approach, fierce, impetuous and quick in action.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सलिलहद नामक तीर्थमें डुबकी लगाये तो उसे अश्वमेध यज्ञका फल मिलता है

English

Some of them have the nature of lions, others of tigers, others of boars and deer, others of elephants.

हिन्दी अर्थ

महेश्वरस्य त्रिस्थाने यो नरस्त्वभिषिच्यते

English

Some are soft as cotton, others touch like the makara; some strike by speech, others destroy the eye.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निराहार रहकर वहाँ स्नान करता है, उसे देवताओं का प्रत्यक्ष दर्शन होता है

English

Some are like venomous snakes, some dull; various are the conducts of brahmanas here, Yudhishthira.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सप्तगड़े त्रिगड़े च इन्द्रमार्गे च तर्पपन्

English

The Mekalas, Dramidas, Kashas, Paundras, Kollagiras, Shaundikas, Daradas, Darvas, Chauras, Shabaras and Barbaras,

हिन्दी अर्थ

महाश्रम उपस्पृश्य योडग्निहोत्रपर: शुचि:

English

the Kiratas and Yavanas, those and those kshatriya peoples, have become shudras by not seeing brahmanas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

महाह्दद उपस्पृश्य भृगुतुज़े त्वलोलुप:

English

By contempt of brahmanas, the asuras lie in the water; by the grace of brahmanas, the gods dwell in heaven.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अश्रिन्यां रूपवर्चस्कं प्रेत्य वै लभते नर:

English

The sky cannot be touched, the Himalaya cannot be moved, the Ganga cannot be stopped by a dam; brahmanas are hard to conquer on earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दूसरे जन्ममें मनुष्यको रूप और तेजकी प्राप्ति होती है

English

The earth cannot be ruled in opposition to brahmanas; brahmanas, great souls, are gods even of the gods.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निवासेप्सरसां दिव्ये कामचारी महीयते

English

Honour them constantly with gifts and service, if you wish to enjoy this earth girdled by the sea.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दिव्यलोकमें जाकर सम्मानित होता और इच्छानुसार विचरता है

English

The splendour of brahmins is appeased by receiving gifts, sinless one; those who do not wish to accept gifts are also to be protected by you, sinless one.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एकपक्ष निराहारस्त्वन्तर्धानफलं लभेत्

English

that are truthful in speech, that are of handsome and agreeable features, that are blessed and that are endued with all accomplishments. I always avoid such women as are sinful and unclean or impure, as always lick the corners of their mouths, as have no patience or fortitude, and as are fond of dispute and quarrelling, as are given to much sleep, and as always lie down. I always reside in conveyances and the animals that drag them, in maidens, in ornaments and good vestments, in sacrifices, in clouds charged with rain, in full-blown lotuses, and in those stars that bespangle the autumnal firmament. I reside in elephants, in the cow pen, in good seats, and in lakes adorned with full-blown lotuses. I live also in such rivers as babble sweetly in their course, melodious with the music of cranes, having banks adorned with rows of diverse trees, and restored to by Brahmanas and ascetics and others crowned with success. I always reside in those rivers also that have deep and large volumes of rolling waters rendered turbid by lions and elephants plunging into them for

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्नान करता है वह सब पापोंसे मुक्त होकर स्वर्गमें जाता है

English

Shakra, in an unrecognised form, becoming matted-haired and dusty-red, taking an ugly form, asked Shambara a question.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मरुद्गण उपस्पृश्य पितृणामाश्रमे शुचि:

English

"By what conduct, Shambara, do you stand above your own people, and by what do they consider you best? Tell me, who ask."

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा ब्रह्मसरो गत्वा भागीरथ्यां कृतोदक:

English

[Shambara said:] "I never envy brahmanas nor the grandfather Brahma; I honour brahmanas who speak scriptures as I please.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एकमासं निराहार: सोमलोकमवाप्लनुयात्

English

Having heard, I do not slight, nor ever offend; I ask those to be honoured, and I take the feet of the wise.

हिन्दी अर्थ

द्वादशाहं निराहारो नरमेधफलं लभेत्

English

They speak confidently and always restrain me; among the heedless I am heedless-not, among the asleep I am awake.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रहनेसे नरमेधयज्ञका फल प्राप्त होता है

English

They, the instructors, pour on me, engaged in the path of scripture, devoted to Brahman, without envy, as bees pour honey into honey.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अग्ने: पुरे नरः स्नात्वा अग्निकन्यापुरे वसेत्

English

Whatever they say, pleased, I take it with wisdom, always thinking of composure of the self, agreeable.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अग्निपुर तीर्थमें स्नान करनेसे अग्निकन्यापुरका निवास प्राप्त होता है

English

So I, a taster of the juices first created by speech, stand above my own people as the moon above the stars."

हिन्दी अर्थ

अन्तर्धानके फलको प्राप्त कर लेता है

English

bathing or slaking their thirst. I reside also in infuriate elephants, in bovine bulls, in kings, on the throne and good men. I always reside in that house in which the inmate pours libation on the sacrificial fire and worships kine, Brahmanas and the deities. I reside in that house where at the proper time offerings are made unto the deities, in course of worshi 1 always reside in such Brahmanas as are devoted to the study of the Vedas, in Kshatriyas devoted to the observance of righteousness, in Vaisyas devoted to cultivation, and the Sudras devoted to the (menial) service of the three upper classes. I reside, with a heart firm and unchangeable, in Narayana, in my embodied self. In Him is righteousness in its perfection and full measure, devotion to the Brahmanas, and the quality of agreeableness. Can I not say, O lady that I do not reside in my embodied form, (in any of these places that I have mentioned, except Narayana)? That person in whom I reside in spirit increases in righteousness and fame and wealth and objects of

हिन्दी अर्थ

एकविंशतिरात्रेण स्वर्गमारोहते नर:

English

sentiments by acting differently. The reference is to hypocrites.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पीकर रह जाता है वह मनुष्य स्वर्गको प्राप्त होता है

English

line is that the goddess of prosperity resides in that house in which flowers are offered to the deities instead of animal life.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विगाहति हाुनालम्बमन्धकं वै सनातनम्

English

[Soma said:] "Brahmanas all succeed by austerity, their strength being speech; kings have strength of arm; the twice-born have the weapon of speech.

हिन्दी अर्थ

फलं पुरुषमेधस्य लभेन्मासं कृतोदक:

English

One should study even living abroad, living in many bad dwellings, free of anger and pride, an ascetic equal in sight.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अश्वमेधमवाप्नोति तत्र मासं कृतोदक:

English

Even one of good birth who studies all the Vedas in his father's house, boasting, they call a villager.

हिन्दी अर्थ

करता है, वह अश्वमेधयज्ञका फल पाता है

English

The earth swallows these two, like a serpent lying in a hole: a king who does not fight and a brahmana who does not travel.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दशाश्वमेधानाप्रोति तत्र मासं कृतोदकः

English

Excess of pride destroys the prosperity of a man of little wisdom; a maiden is spoiled by pregnancy and a twice-born by staying at home.

हिन्दी अर्थ

करनेसे दस अश्वमेध-यज्ञोंका फल प्राप्त होता है

English

Hearing this from Soma of wonderful sight, my father honoured brahmanas, and so did I, of great vows."

हिन्दी अर्थ

माघमासं प्रयागे तु नियत: संशितव्रत:

English

[Bhishma said:] Hearing this speech that fell from the mouth of the lord of danavas, Shakra honoured the twice-born and gained the lordship of Mahendra.