Adhyāya 8

हिन्दी अर्थ

कठोर वचन-गाली आदि का निर्णय । डेढ सौ या दो सौ पण दरड करे । शूद्र को तो पीटनाही योग्य पर्वास और शूद्र को गाली दे तो वारह पण दरड करे। द्विजाति अपने लमान वणे को गाली दे तो वारह पण और गंदी गाली दे

English

The king should compel him who does not restore an open deposit, and in like manner him who retains a sealed deposit, to pay a fine equal (to its value).

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदि नाम और जाति को चोलकर देष से द्विजातियों को गाली दे तो उस शुत्र के सुख में आग्नि मै तपाईं दश अगुल की कॉल डाले । शद, अभिमान से द्विजों को धर्मोपदेश करे तो राजा उसके मुख और कान में खोलता तेल छोड़वावे। यदि अभिमान

English

That man who by false pretences may possess himself of another's property, shall be publicly punished by various (modes of) corporal (or capital) chastisement, together with his accomplices.

हिन्दी अर्थ

केशेषु गहतो इस्ता छेदयेदविचारयन् । पादयोरदाढिकायां च थीवायां इपणेपु च

English

If a deposit of a particular description or quantity is bailed by anybody in the presence of a number (of witnesses), it must be known to be of that particular (description and quantity; the depositary) who makes a false statement (regarding it) is liable to a fine.

हिन्दी अर्थ

द्ण्डपारुष्य-मार पीट का निय ! डाले यही सञुजी की आजा है । दाथ, दंडा उठाकर भारे तो हाथ और कोप से पैर से मारे तो पैर कारने योग्य है । नीच ज्ञाति का ऊँची जातिवाले के साथ अभिमान से वेठना चाहे तो उसकी

English

But if anything is delivered or received privately, it must be privately returned; as the bailment (was, so should be) the re-delivery.

हिन्दी अर्थ

'खाल खींचने और खून निकालने पर सौ पण दरड करे मांस कारे तो छःबिप्क और हइ तोड़े तो देशनिकाले की सज़ा करे। संपूर्ण वृक्षी का उपयोग विचार कर उनके कारनेचाले को दुरड देवे ! मदुप्य और पशर्ओो को मारने पर जैसा अधिक दुःख हो

English

Thus let the king decide (causes) concerning a deposit and a friendly loan (for use) without showing (undue) rigour to the depositary.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चर्मेचामिकभाणडेषु का्टलोष्ठमयेषु च ।

English

If anybody sells the property of another man, without being the owner and without the assent of the owner, the (judge) shall not admit him who is a thief, though he may not consider himself as a thief, as a witness (in any case).

हिन्दी अर्थ

हाथ, पेर आदि अङ्ग तोड़ने वा घायल करनेवाले से उसके देय । जो जानकर वा न जानकर किसी की कोई वस्तु बिगाड़े तो उसको दाम वसैरह देकर खुश करे और राजा को उतनाही दरड देय। चमड़ां, चाम के पा्रमशक आदि, काठ और मिट्टी के

English

If the (offender) is a kinsman (of the owner), he shall be fined six hundred panas; if he is not a kinsman, nor has any excuse, he shall be guilty of theft.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जहा साराथ क चतुर न हान स रथ इधर उधर चलता है ञ्स ख चुक्तसान हाच पर स्याम का दा सा पण दरड दाना चाइंप अर साराथ चतुर होशियार हा ता उखाका दा खा पण दरड करे । सारथि कुशल न होने पर जो सवारी करते हैं वे खव सो

English

A gift or sale, made by anybody else but the owner, must be considered as null and void, according to the rule in judicial proceedings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मागे में पशु या दूसरी गाडी से रुकने पर भी सारथी हॉकते चला जाय ओर किसीके चोट लग जाय तो राजा तुरंत नाचे लिखा दरड करेः--मजुप्य का प्राणुघात हुआ हो तो चोर के मुवाफ़िक़ दण्ड गो, हाथी, ऊंट, घोड़ा आदि बड़े पशुओं का घात

English

Where possession is evident, but no title is perceived, there the title (shall be) a proof (of ownership), not possession; such is the settled rule.

हिन्दी अर्थ

राजा चोरों को दरड देने में सदा पूरा यल फरे । क्योंकि चोरों के निग्रह से राजा का यश और राज्य बृद्धि को

English

He who obtains a chattel in the market before a number (of witnesses), acquires that chattel with a clear legal title by purchase.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदधीते यद्यजते यहदाति यदर्थति। .. ....... ''

English

If the original (seller) be not producible, (the buyer) being exculpated by a public sale, must be dismissed by the king without punishment, but (the former owner) who lost the chattel shall receive it (back from the buyer).

हिन्दी अर्थ

जो राजा अभय देता है वह सदा-पूज्य है। उस अभयदक्षिणा देनेचाले का राज्य खूब बढ्ता है । 'जो रक्षा करता है उस राजा का सत्र के अमे से छुठा भाय होता है और जो रक्षा नहीं करता उसका सवके अथम में स छुठा भाग होता” है। जी रक्षाशोल हें

English

One commodity mixed with another must not be sold (as pure), nor a bad one (as good), nor less (than the proper quantity or weight), nor anything that is not at hand or that is concealed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

घमेमयोदा से रदित, नास्तिक; प्रज्ञा घन ठगनेवाला और , विना प्रजापालन कर लेनेवोला राजा नरकगामी होता दे! अधर्मी को तीन उपायों से सदा घश में रक्‍घे-नज्ञरवंद, कैद और चत आदि से मारकर ॥ ३०६-३१० ॥

English

If, after one damsel has been shown, another be given to the bridegroom, he may marry them both for the same price; that Manu ordained.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पापियों को दरड देने से ओर साधु पुरुषा का संग्रह करन से कोई वादी--प्रतिवाबी और बालक, बृद्ध और पीडित मडुष्य शपते दुःख से ढुखी होकर कोई कुषचन कद दे तो राजा उनका झमाकरे । जो आक्षेप बचन को सहककर लेता है बह राजा स्वर्ग

English

He who gives (a damsel in marriage), having first openly declared her blemishes, whether she be insane, or afflicted with leprosy, or have lost her virginity, is not liable to punishment.

हिन्दी अर्थ

गर्सघाती का पाप उसके अन्न खानेवाले को, व्यभिचारिणी स्त्री का पाप उसके पति को, शिष्य का पाप गुरु को और यश करनेवाले का करानेवाले को क्षमा करनें से लगता है। पेसही छोड़ने स राजा को पाप होता इं। पाप करके भा राजदराड पाय

English

If an officiating priest, chosen to perform a sacrifice, abandons his work, a share only (of the fee) in proportion to the work (done) shall be given to him by those who work with him.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा धरिममेयानां शतादभ्यविके वधः ।

English

But he who abandons his work after the sacrificial fees have been given, shall obtain his full share and cause to be performed (what remains) by another (priest).

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुरुषाणां कुलीनानां नारीणां च विशेषतः ।

English

But if (specific) fees are ordained for the several parts of a rite, shall he (who performs the part) receive them, or shall they all share them?

हिन्दी अर्थ

, जो पुरुष कूप पर से रस्सी और घडा चुरावे या जो पोशाला को तोड़े उसपर एकमासिक दरड करे और वह उस चीज़ को वहा धाले को खूब पीरे और इससे क्रम हो तो ग्यारहगुना जुर्भावा करें और चोरी का माल उसके मालिक को दिलावे । ऐसेही

English

The Adhvaryu priest shall take the chariot, and the Brahman at the kindling of the fires (Agnyadhana) a horse, the Hotri priest shall also take a horse, and the Udgatri the cart, (used) when (the Soma) is purchased.

हिन्दी अर्थ

के अनुसार राजा दण्ड करे। ब्राह्मणाँ की और गौ की चोरी या छुरी से मारने पर तुरन्त आधा पैर कटवा देना चाहिए। सूत, कपास, मदिरा की गाद,-योवर, गुड, वह, दूध, साठा, जल और वृण- घास चुराने पर मूल्य से दूना दरड करे॥ ३२४-३२६

English

The (four) chief priests among all (the sixteen), who are entitled to one half, shall receive a moiety (of the fee), the next (four) one half of that, the set entitled to a third share, one third, and those entitled to a fourth a quarter.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ड्या, तेल; घी, मांस, मधु, पशुओं के सींग आदि और पेसेही दुखरे पदार्थ, मदिरा, भात और सघ भांति के पक्ताच चुराने: पर माल के दाम से दूना दाम दरड करे। फूल, खत का हरा अन्न; दरड करे! सफा अन्न, शाक, 'मूल और फलो का चोर यदि

English

By the application of these principles the allotment of shares must be made among those men who here (below) perform their work conjointly.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदि अपने अमं स न चल- ता राजा इनका सी शशक्षा देवेन साधारणःमञुष्य-को जिल झपरर्र के लिए एक प्रण दरड करे; उस झपराध सं राजा अपने लप हजार पण दराड कर, यह मर्यादा है। चोरी 'करने'में शद को आठशुना, बैश्यःकोः सोलह

English

Should money be given (or promised) for a pious purpose by one man to another who asks for it, the gift shall be void, if the (money is) afterwards not (used) in the manner (stated).

हिन्दी अर्थ

आदेदानः परक्ेत्रान्न दणडं वातुंमहैति ॥ ३४१-॥ . चिना वाडा के खेतों से फल, सूल, अग्निहोत्र के लिए काष्ठ, शोगग्रों के लिए घाल कोई लेवे तो वह चोरी नहीं कहाती--मचुजी, कहते हैं । जो ब्राह्मण परधन हरण करनेवाले को यज्ञ कराकर ये :

English

But if the (recipient) through pride or greed tries to enforce (the fulfilment of the promise), he shall be compelled by the king to pay one suvarna as an expiation for his theft.

हिन्दी अर्थ

साइसे वतमानं. तु-यो म्यति पार्थिवः-। .. . नं सित्रकारणाद्वाजा विपुलादा: धनागमात् ।

English

Thus the lawful subtraction of a gift has been fully explained; I will next propound (the law for) the non-payment of wages.

हिन्दी अर्थ

' इस घकार उक्त विधि से चोरों का'निम्रह करने से. राजा इस खुयशं चांहनेवाला राजा छुटेरे मनुष्यों के निभ्नह में क्षंणमाज भी... देरी न क्रे । कुवाच्य कइनेवाले, चोर और मार-पीट करने वालों की अपेक्षा लुटेरों को अधिक अपराधी जानना चाहिए

English

A hired (servant or workman) who, without being ill, out of pride fails to perform his work according to the agreement, shall be fined eight krishnalas and no wages shall be paid to him.

हिन्दी अर्थ

का नाश होता हो, उस समय द्विजोंकों अख प्रहण करना चाहिए। चिपत्ति में धर्म युद्ध से मारचेवाला पापभागी नहीं, होता । शुरु, बालक, बूढ़ा घेदश ब्राह्मण भी आततायीपन से मारने झव तो , चिना विचार उनके ऊपर प्रहार करे

English

But (if he is really) ill, (and) after recovery performs (his work) according to the original agreement, he shall receive his wages even after (the lapse of) a very long time.

हिन्दी अर्थ

येन भूलइरो धर्मः सर्वनाशाय करप्यते

English

But if he, whether sick or well, does not (perform or) cause to be performed (by others) his work according to his agreement, the wages for that work shall not be given to him, even (if it be only) slightly incomplete.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परस्य पतन्या पुरुष संभा योजयन् रहः।

English

Thus the law for the non-payment of wages has been completely stated; I will next explain the law concerning men who break an agreement.

हिन्दी अर्थ

-उपचारक्किया केलिः स्पशों भूषणवाससाम्।

English

If a man belonging to a corporation inhabiting a village or a district, after swearing to an agreement, breaks it through avarice, (the king) shall banish him from his realm,

हिन्दी अर्थ

शूद्र घाणी के साथ व्यभिचार करे तो मार डालने लायक़ चाहिए! भिक्षुक, भाट, यश में दीक्षित, रसोइया और कारीयर खिया फे साथ वाते विना रोक फर सकते हैं । जिसको निषेध है चह परखी के साथ याते न करे। करनेवाला एक खुवर्ण दरड के

English

And having imprisoned such a breaker of an agreement, he shall compel him to pay six nishkas, (each of) four suvarnas, and one satamana of silver.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उत्तमां सेवमानस्तु जघन्यों वधमहीते । - शुल्क ददयात्सेवमानः समामिच्छेत पिता यदि ॥३३ दे ' बध के योग्य हैं । पर चाइनेचाली फे साथ गमन करे और वहं चुदंप सजातीय हो तो वंध योग्य नहीं होतां । उत्तम जाति के पुरुष

English

A righteous king shall apply this law of fines in villages and castes (gati) to those who break an agreement.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुमांसं दाइयित्पापं शयने तत्त आयसे १ : जो मजण्य अभिमान और बलात्कार से कन्या को अजञलिरवो से चियाड़े उसको दोनों अज्ललियां करचा' दे कोर छु; सी पक्ष -दूयड . क! समान जाति और सकामा कन्या को ऐूषित करनेवाले की

English

If anybody in this (world), after buying or selling anything, repent (of his bargain), he may return or take (back) that chattel within ten days.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शद्रो गृ्तमगु्तं वा हैजातं वशमावसन् ।

English

But after (the lapse of) ten days he may neither give nor cause it to be given (back); both he who takes it (back) and he who gives it (back, except by consent) shall be fined by the king six hundred (panas).

हिन्दी अर्थ

इना दोना यादिप । हीन जाति या चाण्डाली के साथ व्यभिचार चार करे तो उसका अग काव्डालं, सर्वेस्घहरणु करे ॥३७२-२७४॥

English

But the king himself shall impose a fine of ninety-six panas on him who gives a blemished damsel (to a suitor) without informing (him of the blemish).

हिन्दी अर्थ

उसका शिरं गधे के सूत से मुड़वा देय । चेशय और कषत्रिय; यदि. पर हज़ार पण दरड करे । चेही दोनों यदि रक्षित ब्राह्मणी ले गमन” करें, शर की भांति दण्ड पावे अथवा चटाई में लपेंट कर जलषा' पर हज़ार पण दण्ड करे और इच्छाबालां से गमन करे तो पाँच .

English

But that man who, out of malice, says of a maiden, 'She is not a maiden,' shall be fined one hundred (panas), if he cannot prove her blemish.

हिन्दी अर्थ

'. न आहाणवधाइसूयानधर्मो-विद्यते भुवि । ˆ ˆ -.:.. ब्राह्मण का, शिर सुड़ा देनाही माणान्त देरड देना है दससे को अआशणान्त दरड का विधान हैं कंसाः सां अपराध ब्राह्मण" ने किया " “हित देश से निकाल देवे । ब्राह्मण बघ से अधिक कोई अधर्म नहीं

English

The nuptial texts are applied solely to virgins, (and) nowhere among men to females who have lost their virginity, for such (females) are excluded from religious ceremonies.

हिन्दी अर्थ

घश्या और शूद्रा से व्यभिचार करे तो पाँच सौ पण दरड करे। और चःएडालो-भागनसे गमंत करने पर हज़ार पण दण्ड करे॥ ३८३-३८४

English

The nuptial texts are a certain proof (that a maiden has been made a lawful) wife; but the learned should know that they (and the marriage ceremony are complete with the seventh step (of the bride around the sacred fire).

हिन्दी अर्थ

घतेपां निमहो राज्ञः पञ्चानां विषये स्वके ।

English

If anybody in this (world) repent of any completed transaction, (the king) shall keep him on the road of rectitude in accordance with the rules given above.

हिन्दी अर्थ

“जिस राजा के नगर में न चोर है, न व्यभिचारी हैं, न कुवाच्य कहनेवाले हैं, न लुटेरे हैं, और न मारपीट करनेवाले हैँ घह . करने से राजा का राज्य और यश फैलता है । जो यजमान अपने यजमान को छोड़ दे उन दोनों पर राजा सौ सो पण दरड करे

English

I will fully declare in accordance with the true law (the rules concerning) the disputes, (arising) from the transgressions of owners of cattle and of herdsmen.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धोधी सेमर के चिकने पाट पर धीरे धीरे कपड़े 'घोवे, कपड़ों को चदले, नहँ और न वहुत दिनो तक पड़ा रक्खे। जुलाहा द्श' पल दूत लेकर मांडी के संवच से ग्यारह पल कपड़ा देवे । यदि 'लिळाफ़ करे तो उल पर राजा वारह पण् दण्ड दिलावे । जो पुरुप

English

During the day the responsibility for the safety (of the cattle rests) on the herdsman, during the night on the owner, (provided they are) in his house; (if it be) otherwise, the herdsman will be responsible (for them also during the night).

हिन्दी अर्थ

राजा अपने देश के जिन प्रसिद्ध चस्तुओं को परदेश मे व्यापारार्थ ज्ञाने से रोके उनको लोभबश कोई लेजाय तो राजा उसका सर्वस्व छीन लेय! चुगीधर से डिपानेवाला, असमय में ख़रीद-बेच करनेवाला, गिनती-तोल में मूठ घोलनेवाला वस्तु

English

A hired herdsman who is paid with milk, may milk with the consent of the owner the best (cow) out of ten; such shall be his hire if no (other) wages (are paid).

हिन्दी अर्थ

दीघाध्वानि यथादेशं यथाकालं तरो भवेत् ।

English

The herdsman alone shall make good (the loss of a beast) strayed, destroyed by worms, killed by dogs or (by falling) into a pit, if he did not duly exert himself (to prevent it).

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुल, नदी का महसूल । नदी पार करने में खाली गाड़ी का एक पण, भार सहित मचुष्यो का आजा पण, पछ और खी का चौथाई पण और खाली सचुष्य से पणा आउचाँ साय महसूल लेग्र । मालमरी गाड़ी पार

English

But for (an animal) stolen by thieves, though he raised an alarm, the herdsman shall not pay, provided he gives notice to his master at the proper place and time.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दाशापराधतस्तोये हैविके नास्ति नियहः

English

If cattle die, let him carry to his master their ears, skin, tails, bladders, tendons, and the yellow concrete bile, and let him point out their particular. marks.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दो महीना से अधिक की गसिणी, वानप्रस्थ, संन्यासी और फे दोप से जो कुछ दानि हो, बद मल्लाह लोग इकट्ठा होकर अपने भाग में से देवें ! यह नौका से नदी पार होने का निय और जल में मल्लाहों के व्यवहार का निर्णय कहा है. । यादे कोई हैवी चि-

English

But if goats or sheep are surrounded by wolves and the herdsman does not hasten (to their assistance), lie shall be responsible for any (animal) which a wolf may attack and kill.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कराचे। आर शूद्रा स धजाका खचा कराने आयका स रहित करावे तो उसपर राजा छ सौ पण दरड करे खरीदे वः. विना के लिएही पेदो किया है। स्वामी से छुड़ाया हुआ भी यद्र दास कर्म को नहीं छोड़ सकता क्याकि वह उसका स्वाभाविक थमे

English

But if they, kept in (proper) order, graze together in the forest, and a wolf, suddenly jumping on one of them, kills it, the herdsman shall bear in that case no responsibility.

हिन्दी अर्थ

युद सें जीतकर लाया हुआ, सक्त दास, दासीपुत खरीदा हुआ, किसी का दिया हत्या, परपरा से मात और द्रड-शुद्धि के लिए जिसने दासपना किया हो, ये खात प्रकार के दाख होते हैं । भायो, पुत्र और दाल इन तीनों को मेठुते विव कहा है, ये जो

English

On all sides of a village a space, one hundred dhanus or three samya-throws (in breadth), shall be reserved (for pasture), and thrice (that space) round a town.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वे अपने कर्म से इरकर ससार को उपद्र्यों से दुखी करेगे। राजा प्रतिदिन आरम्भ किये कार्यों का, सवारियों का, नियत आय-यय, खान और धन-भएडार का अवलोकन करे । इसप्रकार राजा इन सव व्यवहारा का निर्णय करताइआ सब पापों का

English

If the cattle do damage to unfenced crops on that (common), the king shall in that case not punish the herdsmen.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पिता रक्षति कोमारे भता रक्षति योवने। .

English

(The owner of the field) shall make there a hedge over which a camel cannot look, and stop every gap through which a dog or a boar can thrust his head.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अपने हनातन धमे में स्थित पुरुष और स्त्रियो के संयोग और ' ' वियोग समय के धर्म कहे जाते हैः-- पुरुष को अपनी खियों को कभी स्वतन्त्र न होने देना चाहिए । नाच गान म आसक्क खियों को अपने वशमें रखना चाहिए । वॉर

English

(If cattle do mischief) in an enclosed field near a highway or near a village, the herdsman shall be fined one hundred (panas);

हिन्दी अर्थ

खियों की रक्षा करने से पुरुष अपनी संतान को घर्णसङ्कर 'दोने से घचाता है, अपने चरित्र को निर्दोष रखता है, अपने कुल की मर्यादा बढ़ाता है, अपनी और अपने धर्म कौ रक्षा करता , लेता है। अपनी खो में फिर जन्मता है इसीसे खरी जाया कद"

English

(For damage) in other fields (each head of) cattle shall (pay a fine of one (pana) and a quarter, and in all (cases the value of) the crop (destroyed) shall be made good to the owner of the field; that is the settled rule.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अरक्षिता रहे रुद्धाः पुरुषेरातकारिभिः,। व

English

But Manu has declared that no fine shall be paid for (damage done by) a cow within ten days after her calving, by bulls and by cattle sacred to the gods, whether they are attended by a herdsman or not.

हिन्दी अर्थ

घन-सँग्रह, “खर्च, सक्काई, पतिसेवा; अमै, रसोई आर घरके साल स खरा का लगाव । खश्वास पात्र मङुष्या स चरस रखवास त कराने से रक्षित नहीं होती किन्तु जो अपनी रक्षा पदी कर. चेही खरक्षित होसकती है. मच्चपान, डुजनसर) पति से वियोग, ..

English

If (the crops are destroyed by) the husbandman's (own) fault, the fine shall amount to ten times as much as (the king's) share; but the fine (shall be) only half that amount if (the fault lay) with the servants and the farmer had no knowledge of it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

To these rules a righteous king shall keep in (all cases of) transgressions by masters, their cattle, and herdsmen.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

If a dispute has arisen between two villages concerning a boundary, the king shall settle the limits in the month of Gyaishtha, when the landmarks are most distinctly visible.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

Let him mark the boundaries (by) trees, (e.g.) Nyagrodhas, Asvatthas, Kimsukas, cotton-trees, Salas, Palmyra palms, and trees with milky juice,

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

By clustering shrubs, bamboos of different kinds, Samis, creepers and raised mounds, reeds, thickets of Kubgaka; thus the boundary will not be forgotten.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

Tanks, wells, cisterns, and fountains should be built where boundaries meet, as well as temples,

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

And as he will see that through men's ignorance of the boundaries trespasses constantly occur in the world, let him cause to be made other hidden marks for boundaries,

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

Stones, bones, cow's hair, chaff, ashes, potsherds, dry cowdung, bricks, cinders, pebbles, and sand,

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

And whatever other things of a similar kind the earth does not corrode even after a long time, those he should cause to be buried where one boundary joins (the other).

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

By these signs, by long continued possession, and by constantly flowing streams of water the king shall ascertain the boundary (of the land) of two disputing parties.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

If there be a doubt even on inspection of the marks, the settlement of a dispute regarding boundaries shall depend on witnesses.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

The witnesses, (giving evidence) regarding a boundary, shall be examined concerning the landmarks in the presence of the crowd of the villagers and also of the two litigants.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

As they, being questioned, unanimously decide, even so he shall record the boundary (in writing), together with their names.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

Let them, putting earth on their heads, wearing chaplets (of red flowers) and red dresses, being sworn each by (the rewards for) his meritorious deeds, settle (the boundary) in accordance with the truth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

If they determine (the boundary) in the manner stated, they are guiltless (being) veracious witnesses; but if they determine it unjustly, they shall be compelled to pay a fine of two hundred (panas).

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

On failure of witnesses (from the two villages, men of) the four neighbouring villages, who are pure, shall make (as witnesses) a decision concerning the boundary in the presence of the king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

On failure of neighbours (who are) original inhabitants (of the country and can be) witnesses with respect to the boundary, (the king) may hear the evidence even of the following inhabitants of the forest.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

(Viz.) hunters, fowlers, herdsmen, fishermen, root-diggers, snake-catchers, gleaners, and other foresters.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

As they, being examined, declare the marks for the meeting of the boundaries (to be), even so the king shall justly cause them to be fixed between the two villages.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

The decision concerning the boundary-marks of fields, wells, tanks, of gardens and houses depends upon (the evidence of) the neighbours.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

Should the neighbours give false evidence, when men dispute about a boundary-mark, the king shall make each of them pay the middlemost amercement as a fine.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

He who by intimidation possesses himself of a house, a tank, a garden, or a field, shall be fined five hundred (panas); (if he trespassed) through ignorance, the fine (shall be) two hundred (panas).

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

If the boundary cannot be ascertained (by any evidence), let a righteous king with (the intention of) benefiting them (all), himself assign (his) land (to each); that is the settled rule.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

Thus the law for deciding boundary (disputes) has been fully declared, I will next propound the (manner of) deciding (cases of) defamation.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

A Kshatriya, having defamed a Brahmana, shall be fined one hundred (panas); a Vaisya one hundred and fifty or two hundred; a Sudra shall suffer corporal punishment.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

A Brahmana shall be fined fifty (panas) for defaming a Kshatriya; in (the case of) a Vaisya the fine shall be twenty-five (panas); in (the case of) a Sudra twelve.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

For offences of twice-born men against those of equal caste (varna, the fine shall be) also twelve (panas); for speeches which ought not to be uttered, that (and every fine shall be) double.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

A once-born man (a Sudra), who insults a twice-born man with gross invective, shall have his tongue cut out; for he is of low origin.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

If he mentions the names and castes (gati) of the (twice-born) with contumely, an iron nail, ten fingers long, shall be thrust red-hot into his mouth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

If he arrogantly teaches Brahmanas their duty, the king shall cause hot oil to be poured into his mouth and into his ears.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

He who through arrogance makes false statements regarding the learning (of a caste-fellow), his country, his caste (gati), or the rites by which his body was sanctified, shall be compelled to pay a fine of two hundred (panas).

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

He who even in accordance with the true facts (contemptuously) calls another man one-eyed, lame, or the like (names), shall be fined at least one karshapana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

He who defames his mother, his father, his wife, his brother, his son, or his teacher, and he who gives not the way to his preceptor, shall be compelled to pay one hundred (panas).

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

(For mutual abuse) by a Brahmana and a Kshatriya a fine must be imposed by a discerning (king), on the Brahmana the lowest amercement, but on the Kshatriya the middlemost.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

A Vaisya and a Sudra must be punished exactly in the same manner according to their respective castes, but the tongue (of the Sudra) shall not be cut out; that is the decision.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

Thus the rules for punishments (applicable to cases) of defamation have been truly declared; I will next propound the decision (of cases) of assault.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

With whatever limb a man of a low caste does hurt to (a man of the three) highest (castes), even that limb shall be cut off; that is the teaching of Manu.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

He who raises his hand or a stick, shall have his hand cut off; he who in anger kicks with his foot, shall have his foot cut off.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

A low-caste man who tries to place himself on the same seat with a man of a high caste, shall be branded on his hip and be banished, or (the king) shall cause his buttock to be gashed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

If out of arrogance he spits (on a superior), the king shall cause both his lips to be cut off; if he urines (on him), the penis; if he breaks wind (against him), the anus.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

If he lays hold of the hair (of a superior), let the (king) unhesitatingly cut off his hands, likewise (if he takes him) by the feet, the beard, the neck, or the scrotum.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

He who breaks the skin (of an equal) or fetches blood (from him) shall be fined one hundred (panas), he who cuts a muscle six nishkas, he who breaks a bone shall be banished.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

According to the usefulness of the several (kinds of) trees a fine must be inflicted for injuring them; that is the settled rule.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

If a blow is struck against men or animals in order to (give them) pain, (the judge) shall inflict a fine in proportion to the amount of pain (caused).

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

If a limb is injured, a wound (is caused), or blood (flows, the assailant) shall be made to pay (to the sufferer) the expenses of the cure, or the whole (both the usual amercement and the expenses of the cure as a) fine (to the king).

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

He who damages the goods of another, be it intentionally or unintentionally, shall give satisfaction to the (owner) and pay to the king a fine equal to the (damage).

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

In the case of (damage done to) leather, or to utensils of leather, of wood, or of clay, the fine (shall be) five times their value; likewise in the case of (damage to) flowers, roots, and fruit.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

They declare with respect to a carriage, its driver and its owner, (that there are) ten cases in which no punishment (for damage done) can be inflicted; in other cases a fine is prescribed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

When the nose-string is snapped, when the yoke is broken, when the carriage turns sideways or back, when the axle or a wheel is broken,

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

When the leather-thongs, the rope around the neck or the bridle are broken, and when (the driver) has loudly called out, 'Make way,' Manu has declared (that in all these cases) no punishment (shall be inflicted).

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

But if the cart turns off (the road) through the driver's want of skill, the owner shall be fined, if damage (is done), two hundred (panas).

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

If the driver is skilful (but negligent), he alone shall be fined; if the driver is unskilful, the occupants of the carriage (also) shall be each fined one hundred (panas).

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

But if he is stopped on his way by cattle or by (another) carriage, and he causes the death of any living being, a fine shall without doubt be imposed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

If a man is killed, his guilt will be at once the same as (that of) a thief; for large animals such as cows, elephants, camels or horses, half of that.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

For injuring small cattle the fine (shall be) two hundred (panas); the fine for beautiful wild quadrupeds and birds shall amount to fifty (panas).

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

For donkeys, sheep, and goats the fine shall be five mashas; but the punishment for killing a dog or a pig shall be one masha.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

A wife, a son, a slave, a pupil, and a (younger) brother of the full blood, who have committed faults, may be beaten with a rope or a split bamboo,

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

But on the back part of the body (only), never on a noble part; he who strikes them otherwise will incur the same guilt as a thief.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

Thus the whole law of assault (and hurt) has been declared completely; I will now explain the rules for the decision (in cases) of theft.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

Let the king exert himself to the utmost to punish thieves; for, if he punishes thieves, his fame grows and his kingdom prospers.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

That king, indeed, is ever worthy of honour who ensures the safety (of his subjects); for the sacrificial session (sattra, which he, as it were, performs thereby) ever grows in length, the safety (of his subjects representing) the sacrificial fee.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

A king who (duly) protects (his subjects) receives from each and all the sixth part of their spiritual merit; if he does not protect them, the sixth part of their demerit also (will fall on him).

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

Whatever (merit a man gains by) reading the Veda, by sacrificing, by charitable gifts, (or by) worshipping (Gurus and gods), the king obtains a sixth part of that in consequence of his duly protecting (his kingdom).

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

A king who protects the created beings in accordance with the sacred law and smites those worthy of corporal punishment, daily offers (as it were) sacrifices at which hundred thousands (are given as) fees.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

A king who does not afford protection, (yet) takes his share in kind, his taxes, tolls and duties, daily presents and fines, will (after death) soon sink into hell.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

They declare that a king who affords no protection, (yet) receives the sixth part of the produce, takes upon himself all the foulness of his whole people.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

Know that a king who heeds not the rules (of the law), who is an atheist, and rapacious, who does not protect (his subjects, but) devours them, will sink low (after death).

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

Let him carefully restrain the wicked by three methods,- by imprisonment by putting them in fetters, and by various (kinds of) corporal punishments.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परमं यज्ञमातिहेसपुरुषो रक्षणं प्रति ॥ १ ६-॥ शय्यासनमलङ्कारं कासं कोधमनाजेवम्। 0

English

For by punishing the wicked and by favouring the virtuous, kings are constantly sanctified, just as twice-born men by sacrifices.